Examples Of Family Rituals - 1475 Words

Family Rituals Proverbs 22:6 states, â€Å"Train up a child in the way he should go: and when he is old, he will not depart from it† (King James Bible. 1973). When you train your children, you are passing doing rituals. Rituals that you learned from your parents and your parents learned from their parents. Some people think that they don’t have any family rituals. However, they do not realize that everyday task that you do with your family can be considered a ritual. From eating meals together, watching a favorite show each night, to all of the birthdays and holidays that you celebrate with your family. With further investigation and research, we will look at what a family ritual looks like in a family setting and some examples of what family†¦show more content†¦These family rituals will help establish an open communication and let the family feel express their opinions so there can share their beliefs (Direction: Rituals and Family Strength, 2017). Even the celebrating of birthdays and some holiday are considered family rituals. With this being said all families, no matter their ethnic background has similarly family rituals that they practice that reflects the unique interactions with their individual families. Family rituals reflect the family and shape the meaning of their family values and beliefs, but implanting the past and incorporating it into the present and then the future. Family rituals also can have different functions within a family. Some families may under-ritualize family rituals by not showing interest in family gatherings, they choose to be distant. Then you have the family that rigidly ritualize family rituals and do not want things to change with time. They are the families that have to do the same thing over and over again and everything is organized and have special times to do each event. Sometimes there can be a skewed misconception about family rituals. You may have one family member wanting to celebrate o ne holiday and then the other family member wants to disregard the holiday. This skewed perception often occurs in mixed marriages. The last function is the hollow family ritual. Where they just celebrate because they are obligated to.Show MoreRelatedBehavioral Patterns Of The Family System1558 Words   |  7 PagesEvery family has a unique system with a set of rules, mostly unspoken, that govern their behavior and interactions. In dysfunctional families, the symptom of their dysfunction is typically sourced within their family system. The symptom also has a function – it protects family members from uncomfortable conflict. Dysfunctional families and couples often maintain negative patterns of interacting, and are unable to transition into new behavioral patterns without therapeutic intervention. In order toRead MoreFamily Interaction Processes: Study Guide784 Words   |  4 PagesHDFS 2300: Family Interaction Processes Study Guide Exam II Communication and Conflict (Lecture; A S Ch. 9; Day Ch. 10; Tannen Book; The Break-Up clips) †¢ Define communication - why is it important to focus upon the shared meanings aspect of the communication process? †¢ Know bolded terms from A S Ch. 9 †¢ What are three assumptions describing family communication? †¢ Define messages, digital messages (content level), analogic messages (relationship level), metamessages, framing, congruentRead MoreReligion : Hindu Death And Geographical Mobility1750 Words   |  7 Pageshave decided to explore religion and the procedure as victims are required to adapt to the domestic laws on death rituals. As Britain has ceased to be a religious dominion, many do not give a second thought to other ‘traditional methods’ that religion requires when a life extinguishes. I find it interesting that on an international platform, religions such as Hinduism follow rituals that have been unaltered for many centuries and yet, here in the Britain we have ruptured the framework as death hasRead MoreExorcism And Harijan Possession During Modern Society1206 Words   |  5 Pagest.Catholic Exorcism and Harijan Possession in Modern Society What is the importance of Catholic exorcism and Harijan possession rituals in today’s society? Each group of people still practices rituals of exorcism, and although there are some differences between each practice, there are more similarities than variations. There is a sense of importance in the very fact that exorcism and possession practices are still happening in the present day in America and India, and they are strongly linkedRead MoreThe Psychological Benefits Of Our Thanksgiving Rituals Essay856 Words   |  4 PagesPsychological Benefits of Our Thanksgiving Rituals. Four experts in the field of psychology, who specialized in family traditions, convened in a roundtable discussion about what ritual means in the subject of Thanksgiving. The four psychologists who were involved in this discussion are: First is Anne Fishel, an associate clinical professor of psychology and author of the book â€Å"Home for dinner†, Second is Janine Roberts, a family therap ist, a professor emerita of family therapy at University of Massachusetts-AmherstRead MoreEssay about Confucianism and Raise the Red1275 Words   |  6 Pagesdepended on a solid traditional family. Confucius himself, for example, called for people to put principle above selfish desires. People supported hierarchy. The rulers moral example would inspire the people to live good lives. But one begins to detect a new theme emerging in society especially amongst the Chinese reformers: the theme of individualism oppose to familialism. Today, would the Confucian family be more and more aware of abuse to women and children? The rituals and traditions can be seen asRead MoreRites Of Passage, By Arnold Van Gennep1547 Words   |  7 PagesRites of passage are rituals or events which are universally conducted for a variety of cultural, religious and social reasons. Grounded in everyday life, ritual is symbolic and emotional providing a transition of knowledge, behaviour and status, as Audrey Richards’s wrote, ’the use of symbols in ritual secures some kind of emotional compromise which satisfies the majority of individuals who compose a society and which supports its major institutions’ . These rites of passage, rituals or life cycles canRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1692 Words   |  7 Pagesthat in fact, New Hope has lost sight of all tradition. The small town decides to make changes to their annual ritual that fits their needs. For example, instead of using chips of wood for the drawings, as done for generations, the town now uses marked sheets of paper. The only â€Å"tradition† that the town is mindful of is the actual killings. Everyone gathers round for this annual ritual as if everything is ‘normal’ and is expected of the town. The citizens of New Hope is excited that the day hasRead MoreThe Between Nazis And The German Jews1426 Words   |  6 Pagesall of these are examples of rituals in day-to-day life. Different people have different interpretations of what the word ‘ritual’ exactly means. A particular film, the likes of The Boy in the Striped Pajamas conveys many of these meanings; analyzing the characters in this story, more specifically the contrast between the Nazis and the German Jews, their personality can be sufficiently explained via Malory Nye’s theory regarding symbolism in ritual, Emile Durkheim’s idea of ritual as being a society-basedRead MoreHow Rituals Permit the Practice of Worship in Hinduism Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesRitual is a religious or solemn ceremony consisting of a series of actions performed according to a prescribed order. Hindui sm major religious and cultural tradition of the Indian subcontinent, developed from Vedic religion.. There are two types of worship such as: temple worship and domestic worship. Therefore, within these types of worshipping there are rituals that are performed. Some of these rituals include prasad, darshan, and puja. Thus, A ritual function is a tradition that is used to practice

Inclusive Learning Free Essays

string(83) " There are three stages to the initial assessment process within the organisation\." Contents Contents1 Introduction2 Findings3 What is Inclusive Learning? 3 Learning Environment4 Access for all4 Inclusive Learning in Initial Assessment6 Inclusive learning in the classroom6 Assessment9 Conclusion10 Bibliography12 ? A critical evaluation of the principles and practice of Inclusive Learning within XXXXXX XXXXXX. Introduction XXXXXX XXXXXX is a registered charity offering work based learning programmes to young adults. Within my role as Advanced Teaching Practitioner, I am responsible for curriculum design, monitoring teaching, staff training and mentoring, quality assurance and learner achievement in addition to my role as a Basic Skills Tutor. We will write a custom essay sample on Inclusive Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before analysing current practices, I have gained the consent from those directly involved. In order to assess current inclusive learning principles and practices of the organisation, I need to increase my understanding of inclusive learning for my own Continued Professional Development (CPD). I need to reflect of my own practices and the practices of others and evaluate the service provided. Findings What is Inclusive Learning? Inclusive learning can be defined as ‘the greatest degree of match or fit between the individual learners’ requirements and the provision that is made for them’ (FEFC, 1996, p2). Inclusive teaching means recognising, accommodating and meeting the learning needs of all students and being aware of their individual needs. It is about identifying the reasonable adjustment that can be made without it having a negative impact of the teaching and learning of others. Open University Press (2006) defines inclusive learning as ‘acknowledging your students have a range of individual needs and are members of diverse communities. Inclusive teaching avoids pigeonholing students into specific groups with predictable and fixed approaches to learning’. It is important to consider the need to be proactive as opposed to being reactive. To practice inclusive learning, actions need to be taken prior to students commencing the process. The Tomlinson report 1996 states: ‘Re-designing learning, assessment and organisations to fit objectives and learning styles may mean introducing new content to courses, adapting access or both. This approach is quite different from offering courses and then giving students with difficulties some additional human or physical aids to participate. ’ Under the Special Education Needs and Disability Act (SENDA) 2001, all educational establishments must not treat students less favourably than others and make reasonable adjustments to ensure that their learners are not substantially disadvantaged. Learning Environment An accessible and safe learning environment is vital for inclusive learning to take place. The premises that XXXXXX XXXXXX occupy are located on the second and third floor of a listed building. There are no lifts and there is a staircase leading up to the main reception. Under the Disability Discrimination Act, there is a requirement to make reasonable adjustment to be able to ensure those students with a mobility disability are not excluded. XXXXXXhave made contingency plans whereby they use the premises within a local college as and when required. SENDA 2001 states that students should be able to access all services provided for other students. In this case, the local college offers all the facilities and services we offer our students. Taking this into consideration, reasonable adjustments have been made. Access for all In order to give strategic direction to inclusive learning, Smith and Armstrong (2005, p1) state ‘providers need to adopt a co-ordinated approach to inclusive learning, working with different groups, genders and levels of learners’. These is achieved ongoing within XXXXXX XXXXX. There is no discrimination on the grounds of gender or sexual orientation within XXXXXX XXXXXX and therefore XXXXXXcomply with all aspects of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975. Our learners come from mixed race, religion and in order to ensure that we accommodate these learners, all staff receive multifaith calendars to ensure that they can manage their learning over religious or cultural holidays. As we are funded for a 14-19 age provision, we cannot offer learning to anyone outside this age range. This is a limitation by DCELLS. Should anyone outside this age range require the same type of education and training, there are other training providers where they can be signposted. McGivney (2003) guidelines suggest that people with disabilities, ex-offenders, low paid unqualified workers, male manual workers, unemployed groups, rural residents, women with young children, homeless and those from ethnic minority groups may have problems in participating in organised learning activities. (DCSF, 2008) states ‘9% of young people aged 16-19 are Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET). As part of the ‘Every Child Matters Agenda’ their aim is to break down the barriers to achievement and provide opportunities for those disengaged from learning. This agenda intends to ensure that programmes have been set up to identify children and young adults at risk and promote early intervention. According to the 14-19 Education and Skills White Paper ‘those with learning difficulties are twice as likely to become NEET’. XXXXXX XXXXXX have recently established street based youth work teams; across communities in south Wales, working with partner organisations to engage some of the hardest to reach young people; nd to progress them onto positive development opportunities in their own communities. The current teams are a pilot and are hoping to expand the project into other geographic and sector communities. XXXXXX XXXXXX are also establishing links to deliver full and part time extended curriculum services in schools for 14-18 year olds across Wales, prov iding support for young people in the youth justice system; establishing a youth drop in facilities at many centres and expanding the street based youth work. XXXXXXare also in community cohesion work particularly in areas with a large European migrant youth communities and those with a migrant non-welsh speaking community within Welsh speaking indigenous communities. XXXXXXis piloting development of youth volunteering in under-represented groups. Taking all this into consideration, it shows the effort that is being made in order to provide inclusive learning to those students who are at risk of becoming NEET. Inclusive Learning in Initial Assessment According to Green and Bartram 1998, p7) ‘Early and effective assessment of students’ requirements is critical to the concept of inclusive learning. There are three stages to the initial assessment process within the organisation. Prior to a learner joining they go through an initial assessment process. This begins with an informal interview following an endorsement from Careers Wales. In this interview, it allows the organisation time to carry out an informal assessment and identify individual learning needs. On entry, basic skills initial assessments and a VARK learning styles questionnaire are completed. From this process, an Individual Learning Plan (ILP) is written that is specific to the needs of the learner which will identify individual goals. Green and Bartram (1998. p10) outline that in order to achieve best practice; there should be ‘a common and shared understanding of the purpose of initial assessment’. Through discussion with staff and observations of the initial assessment process, it is evident that this there is a thorough initial assessment process which allows many opportunities to identify any individual needs and preferences. Following this process, if a learner is identified as having a literacy or numeracy need, diagnostic assessment is carried out. Learners have the opportunity to do these either by paper based methods or using Information Technology (IT). The results of this assessment then produce an Individual Learning Plan that is specific to the learners literacy and/or numeracy needs and takes into consideration any special arrangements that may be required. Inclusive learning in the classroom If there has been an individual need identified through initial assessment, it is at this point XXXXXX XXXXXX are reactive as appose to being proactive. For those with physical disabilities, arrangements are made to support them. As previously discussed there is a lack of facilities within the centres to support learners with a disability affecting mobility and this is taken into consideration when careers signpost learners. Apart from this, Rooms are bright, well ventilated and are small enough to be able to accommodate those with minor hearing or visual impairments. When considering students who are deaf and hard of hearing, XXXXXXdo not have a strategy in place for dealing with those who require specialist support including lip speakers, sign language interpreters and speech to text reporters. Although many learners who require this support often plan their own support requirements. To ensure inclusion in the classroom, it should be considered when planning lessons. Once the aims and objectives have been decided, it is then important to consider the needs and previous experiences of the learners’. At this stage, you can consider if there are any adjustments that can be made to ensure that the lesson is inclusive Open University Press (2006). This could be large print handouts, varied teaching strategies, practical tasks as appose to written, aural or visual methods and where possible, taking into account multi sensory learning. When carrying out questioning in the classroom, there was very good use of reinforcement techniques to consolidate learning. Although tutors encouraged all members of the group to participate, this was done in such a way that no learners felt uncomfortable. When this was necessary (e. g. a speaking and listening task) it was managed in a positive way to recognise individual needs. If learners need support with basic skills, subject specific tutors (NVQ, Key Skills) liaise with the Basic Skills Tutor to organise extra support in addition to their literacy and/or numeracy classes. If the learner has a learning difficulty that affects concentration, extra comfort breaks can be given and short activities should also be planned that vary in teaching strategy to keep learners engaged. At present, DCELLS are working towards converged basic and key skills. This initiative should have encourage a more standard approach as qualifications will be delivered in a different training and staff will be required to update their CPD. Practices vary depending on the experience of individual tutors within XXXXXX XXXXXX. When observing a key skills session, a tutor suggested to her group that it would be advantage to take notes whilst completing practical activities. On her lesson plan, she had shown inclusive practices by suggesting a Basic Skills Tutor could offer support with both reading and note taking if required. In terms of the use of classroom assistants or support workers, this is the only instance that in class support is offered due to staffing levels within the organisation. The majority of tutors promote equal opportunities practices by having notes available at the end of the lesson for all learners. Others show inclusive learning techniques by issuing gapped handouts at the beginning of the lesson to support those with individual needs. This later method allows those learners who have lack of confidence in groups, those with hearing difficulties or partial sight a greater chance of achieving the objectives set from the lesson. Experienced staff uses assistive technology in the classroom such as coloured acetate, worksheets on coloured paper or magnifying equipment to support learners when reading books, but once again staff training is needed to ensure consistency throughout the organisation. Smith and Armstrong (2005) suggest providers should make sure that CPD and staff training supports structures and systems implemented to deliver the inclusive learning agenda. Through discussion with staff, it is evident that staff members have little knowledge of how to support learners with Dyslexia, Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) and other learning and behavioural needs. Therefore staff CPD needs to be updated and staff training offered. Having observed a selection of basic skills sessions, I have seen differentiation being managed very well within the classroom. There are isolated cases where worksheets have been the main teaching strategy due to the diverse nature of the group but the main reason for this is the need for staff development and training. Within sessions, individuals show good inclusive learning techniques when giving feedback. They are constructive and give praise for what has been done well and avoid being negative to learners. For those who have physical disabilities, there is IT equipment available such as specialist mouse and the ability to increase the font size on the majority of programmes used. If there is a need for out of class support, this is also available from the training assessors responsible for the individual learners. Individual training assessors are encouraged to spend time with all learners to build a rapport and encourage them to discuss any individual learning needs. These persons are trained to signpost for guidance and counselling if required. Assessment Once learning has taken place, there are various methods of assessment that are used. Within basic skills, learners are given a choice of completing assignments which are paper based or tests that can be taken using IT. For those who have to submit a portfolio, they are given the option of using IT to produce their work. There are also dictaphones available to record case studies, professional discussions or oral questioning as appose to written questions. These strategies in place show differentiation for individual needs are being considered. As well as the usual methods of assessment, learners also get a review which is carried out every four weeks. In this review, their progress is monitored and feedback is given on their performance. The Tomlinson Report (1996) shows us that monitoring progress and providing effective feedback contributes to effective inclusive teaching. Within their basic skills support sessions, further feedback is also given as part of their literacy/numeracy ILP. All learners at the end of their visits are given a Training And Support Log (TASL) which gives them feedback on any work produced. Conclusion Following this investigation, I have reached the conclusion that the organisation is reactive as appose to proactive with regard to inclusive learning. As a training provider, XXXXXX XXXXXX are genuinely non-selective about the learners who complete a programme. Many of the learners face a number of obstacles to engaging in learning including low educational attainment, a lack of basic and/or personal skills, caring obligations, homelessness, lack of self belief, confidence and self worth. Despite this, over 70% of the young people that are supported leave with a positive outcome. The 14-19 Education and Skills White Paper state that 12. 5% of the NEET group have learning difficulties and/or disabilities. If XXXXXXtraining wishes to continue aiming to offer inclusive learning and reduce this NEET cohort, there is a need to train staff by offering CPD in inclusive learning and ways of developing an inclusive learning strategy within the learner process. There are different teaching approaches within the organisation. (Tilstone et al. ,1998, p. 6) states ‘a key issue in promoting inclusive practice must be a reappraisal of the training provided to teachers and other professionals’ From my observations, I feel that this is an accurate assumption to make. I have been able to observe many sessions over a period of time and have seen that tutors need training on how to incorporate inclusive learning strategies within their lesson plan. Smith and Armstrong (2005) also discuss how providers should establish a strategy for sharing best practice within an organisation. XXXXXXhave meetings for every subject route on a quarterly basis. Although this is an excellent way of sharing best practice, inclusive learning should be listed as an agenda item to ensure that it gets the attention it requires. Although everything is done during the learner process to ensure that equal opportunities and diversity are managed, XXXXXXhave a bullying and harassment procedure in place and also a grievance procedure that prospective, current and past learners can instigate if they wish. From carrying out research into inclusive learning within XXXXXX XXXXXX, it has been shown that on the whole, a lot of work goes in to meeting the individual needs of the learner and offering a positive learner experience. Having now completed this research, it has made me aware of the financial restraints of the organisation. I feel that I will carry out my role as ATP differently when training staff and mentoring. When working towards curriculum design, I will also ask myself the question â€Å" How can I make it more inclusive? † and from this, I feel that this has played a big part in my CPD. Bibliography †¢ACCESS UNIT. (2006, December 18). Access Unit – Making Information Accessible to Disabled Students. Retrieved December 8, 2008, from University of Bristol: http://www. ristol. ac. uk/accessunit/disabilityinfo/accessible33. html †¢ADAMS, M. , BROWN, S. (2006). Towards Inclusive Learning in Higher Education. London: Routledge . †¢BLOOMER, M. , HODKINSON, P. (1997). Moving into FE: The voice of the learner. London: Further Education Development Agency (FEDA). †¢CLOUGH, P. (1998). Managing Inclusive Education. From Policy to Experience. London: Sage. †¢CSIE. (2008, April 30). About Inclusion. Retrieved December 15, 2008, from Centre For Studies On Inclusive Education: http://inclusion. uwe. ac. uk/csie/csiefaqs. htm †¢DCSF . 2008, July 02). Education, Training, Employment. Retrieved December 10, 2008, from Department for Children, Schools and Families. http://www. dcsf. gov. uk/14-19/index. cfm? go=homesid=26 †¢Every Child Matters: (2008, July 02) Change for children: Retrieved December 15, 2008, from Every Child Matters http://www. everychildmatters. gov. uk/ete/ †¢FEFC. (1996). Inclusive FE: Report of the Further Education Funding Council Learning Difficulties and/or Disabilities Committee CSIE Summary. Bristol: Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education (CSIE). †¢GREEN, M. . (1998). Initial Assessment To Identify Learning Needs. London: Further Education Development Agency (FEDA). †¢LEARNING AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AGENCY. (2002). Access For All. London: DFES. †¢MCGIVNEY, V. (2003). Working With Excluded G roups. Leicester: National Institute of Adult Continuing Education. †¢OPEN UNIVERSITY PRESS . (2006, December 30). Inclusive Teaching. Retrieved December 12, 2008, from Open University Press: http://www. open. ac. uk/inclusiveteaching †¢SMITH, V. , ARMSTRONG, A. (2005). Beyond Prejudice; Inclusive Learning in Practice. London: Learning and Skills Development Agency. †¢TILSTONE, C. , FLORIAN, L. , ROSE, R. (1998). Promoting Inclusive Practice. London: Routledge Falmer. †¢WELSH ASSEMBLY GOVERNMENT. (2008, September 29). Delivering Skills that Work for Wales: A new approach to adult community learning. Consultation Document 057/2008 . Caerphilly: Department for Children, Education, Lifelong Learning and Skills. †¢What is SENDA 2001? (2007, January 22). Retrieved December 13, 2008, from Hobo: http://www. hobo-web. co. uk/tips/12. htm How to cite Inclusive Learning, Papers

A Comprehensive Marketing Planning Case Study

Question - Write a case study analysis on Marketing Planning? Table of Contents Introduction. Task 1 (M1) P1 Reviewing the changing perspective in marketing planning. P2 Evaluating the organizations capability to plan for its future marketing activity. P3 Examining the techniques for auditing an organization and analyzing the external factors that affects the marketing planning. P4 Carrying out the organizational auditing and analysis of external factors that affects the marketing planning Task 2 (M2) P5 Accessing the main barriers of marketing planning for Nelson Professional Clothing. P6 Explaining how to overcome the barriers to marketing planning. Task 3 (M3) P7 Marketing plan for a product or services. P8 Importance of marketing planning for the organization in the strategic planning process P9 Techniques for new product development P10 Recommendations for pricing policy, distribution and communication mix. P11 Factors affecting the effective implementation of the marketing plan. Task 4. P12 Ethical issues influencing marketing planning. P13 Response of Nelson Professional Clothing to ethical issues. P14 Examples of consumer ethics and their effect on marketing planning. Conclusion. Reference List Introduction Marketing planning can be referred to as the blueprint that helps in outlining the overall marketing efforts of an organization. The market planning generally results in a marketing strategy that helps in enhancing the sales and profit from the business (Glaser and Traynor, 2014). This assignment deals with compiling a marketing audit for Nelson professional clothing, suitable techniques for exploring and assessing the main barriers of the organization along with chalking out an effective marketing plan. In addition to this, the assignment also focuses its light on the ethical issues that the organization has to respond and the ways that ethical issues influence the marketing planning. Task 1 (M1) P1 Reviewing the changing perspective in marketing planning Now days when marketing planning is made, it is essential to keep in mind the reason behind its change. The different reasons for which the market planning is changed are due to the change in requirements and needs of the customers and their buying behavior. In addition to this, in order to keep a competitive pace with the changing competitors, change in market planning is required. According to Chang and Cheng (2014) the market planning is changing due to introduction of new technologies where the usage of the modern technology is an important part of the any retailing company. In this tech savvy modern world, more the organizations will be inclined towards technology, the sales and profit will increase. In addition to this, the other reason of making a change in market planning is the underperforming performance of Nelson Professional Clothing where the company faced a huge loss due to global recession in 2008-2009. This resulted in failure in meeting the operational activities as well as lead to downsizing of employees as well as selling off the assets (Gunder, 2011). P2 Evaluating the organizations capability to plan for its future marketing activity After facing a huge loss due to recession, Nelson Professional Clothing had to struggle a lot for meeting their operational activities by both downsizing the employees and selling of the assets of the company. So, the company hired Gantts Hill Research and Consultancy Group (GRCG) in order to chalk out an effective marketing plan for the future. The organization is capable enough to face the change since it has already faced a lot of hurdles during the phase of recession (McKay, 2014). The capability approach is one of the approaches that use the value proposition of the customers in order to establish the performance goals that are based on contribution of values. The GRCG group understands the assets of the organization and also evaluates the capacity that the organization has to face a major change in market planning that may affect the staffing systems and the already set marketing strategies (Towers, 2012). Moreover, the company is eager to analyze the marketing strategies that includes analyze of the strengths, weakness, opportunity and threats of the company. P3 Examining the techniques for auditing an organization and analyzing the external factors that affects the marketing planning The technique that the marketing head of GRCG had adopted for analyzing the external factors affecting the market planning is the SWOT analysis. The strength of Nelson Professional Clothing is the low price strategy where it provides good quality products at a considerable low price. In addition to this, the introduction of current and updated technologies like self checking out machines, ECR, electronic shelf labeling etc. will help the company in reduction of extra employee cost (Anderson, 2012). Moreover, this strength will give the company an added competitive advantage over other companies. In addition to this, the weakness of the company is that it had to sell off some of the assets due to recession. The opportunity of the company can be introduction of diversified products into the market at reasonable prices (Mooradian et al. 2012). Since the customers know about the good quality of products of this company, they will be eager to have the products again from the company. But on the other hand according to Karakaya and Parayitam (2013) the threat of the company is the rising global competition and global economic crisis. P4 Carrying out the organizational auditing and analysis of external factors that affects the marketing planning The analysis of external factors that affect the market planning of Nelson Professional Clothing is discussed hereby. The organization has to analyze the external environment for chalking out or formulating an effective marketing planning for the welfare of the company and to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors. The political factor includes the political stability, tax rates, tariffs rate and legislation of UK (Castleberry, 2014). In addition to this, economic factors include the economic condition of UK due to an adverse effect of recession, the demand of its products and prices of the product. Moreover, the social factors include the beliefs and sentiments along with the culture and living standard of the people. The social factors also include the analysis of the customers on the basis of their age, sex, income, educational background and job (Bazini and Ramaj, 2013). The technological factors include the implication of modern technology into the business that helps in reducing the labor costs and production cost and increases the profits and quality of product and services (Schultz, 2012). The legal factors include the rules and regulation the organization follows during the production of the goods. It also includes the working hours, the employees and labor laws conditions of employment and pay scales. The environmental factors include the processing of the waste materials before disposal and methods to reduce the carbon footprint. Analysis of these factors helps in making a successful marketing plan (Perret and Holmlund, 2013). Task 2 (M2) P5 Accessing the main barriers of marketing planning for Nelson Professional Clothing The effectiveness of different leadership styles of different organizations is discussed in this context. In autocratic leadership style, the managers and the higher officials are the core decision makers. The employees had to work according to the rules and regulations of the company irrespective of any problems they face. Such leadership can be a barrier to the market planning because fresh ideas are not allowed to flow within the organization (Tyssen et al. 2013). This increases the reduction of employee retention and also the employees do not find satisfaction in their job. For the participative leadership style, the leaders discusses with the employees before taking any kind of decisions. But this style faces challenges at the time of emergency an also during the time of taking decisions within a short period of time. In addition to this, the transactional leadership style focuses on giving rewards or punishments that is based on the results of the performance (Arnold and Loughl in, 2013). This makes the employees move towards a common goal and makes the wok monotony and innovation in this leadership style is absent. This is because failure of the idea can lead to punishment of the employees so the employees preferably dont take any risk in giving out ideas. These different leadership styles are the main barriers in effective marketing planning. P6 Explaining how to overcome the barriers to marketing planning Nelson Professional Clothing can rid of barriers and make an effective marketing planning by the following ways. The organization can gather more information of the market trend by doing a vivid and authentic market research. This is because; collection of wrong data can lead to an incorrect market planning that will be having an adverse effect to the business of the organization (Bazini and Ramaj, 2013). In addition to this, market research regarding the market growth, net value and decision making processes can be done to avoid and overcome the barriers. The better understanding of the customers, the needs and requirements of the potential customers can also be the way of overcoming barriers. Usage of modern technology like data management system, process automation, collaboration and multi channel campaign management helps in overcoming the barriers to prepare an effective marketing planning (Towers, 2012). In addition to this, the removal of existing legal barriers can help in ov ercoming the barriers in marketing planning. Moreover, a two way communication within the organization and outside the organization along with fixing a reliable budget of the organization helps in overcoming the barriers. Task 3 (M3) P7 Marketing plan for a product or services The marketing plan for Nelson Professional Clothing can be done through the following- STP- For efficiently making marketing plan, the marketing head has initially segmented the customers, targeted the old and new customers and then positioned the products accordingly (Glaser and Traynor, 2014). This helps in understanding the needs and wants of the customers and help in making homogeneous segments of the customers which the company will find easy to target for positioning the products according to their requirements. Introduction of new products- The organization can introduce the new and fashionable products in the market. This will help in attracting the old customers since they are already accustomed with the products of the company and the new potential customers will also be attracted seeing the trendy clothing store (Chang and Cheng, 2014). Attractive packaging of the existing products- In order to give a refresh look to the products of the organization, the strategy of making the packaging attractive is a part of the marketing plan (Gunder, 2011). An attractive packaging will attract the customers to a great extent and it will help in increasing the customer database. Low pricing- The low pricing strategy of the organization is also an effective part of the marketing plan that helps in attracting the customers. Generally the customers opt for good quality products but at comparatively less price or at reasonable prices (McKay, 2014). P8 Importance of marketing planning for the organization in the strategic planning process An effective marketing planning helps in identifying the sources that will give the company a competitive advantage over others. In addition to this, the organization will also be provided with authentic market reports that will help in making effective strategies for the company (Tyssen et al. 2013). In return to this, organizations such as Nelson Professional Clothing will start gaining back its original position in the market that it had lost at the time of recession. A good market planning will help in satisfaction of the employees that in return improves the employee retention. A good marketing plan will enhance in setting up realistic goals and objectives of the company. In addition to this, an effective market planning helps in the adaptation of modern technologies that will improve the quality of products and services can also be adopted (Castleberry, 2014). P9 Techniques for new product development Nelson Professional Clothing can adopt differentiation strategy of Porters Generic Strategies in order to develop new product into the market. This is because; this helps the company in seeking a way to stay unique in the competitive market. In addition to this, product differentiation helps in attracting a huge customer database as it operates in a broader aspect (Glaser and Traynor, 2014). The company tries to select the Unique Selling Point (USP) of the new products for attracting the customers through it. The company can even engage 3 phases that will help in development of new products. The fuzzy front end is a phase where a set of activities is done before the development of new products. The second phase is the product design where the new products are developed and comes to an end at pre commercialization stage. The fuzzy back end phase contains the action steps required for production and launching of the product (Castleberry, 2014). P10 Recommendations for pricing policy, distribution and communication mix Pricing policy- Since the company has faced a huge loss regarding recession and has already sold some of the assets; the company needs to get back the customers as well as the assets back (Anderson, 2012). So, the company can go for low price strategy where it will attract a huge number of customers that will result in huge sales and profit. Communication Mix- The communication mix consists of advertisement, promotion, packaging and public relations. The advertisements need to be presentable and well communicable for attracting the customers. Moreover, the packaging needs to be attractive and well understandable to the customers since it adds a significant value to the company (Bazini and Ramaj, 2013). The promotion of the products must be in such as way that the customers will be convinced with the need and requirements of it in their daily life. In addition to this, Nelson Professional Clothing can improve the public relations with the customers either by celebrity endorsements or through press releases in order to reach the target audiences. Distribution- The distribution channel needs to be effective enough so that products reach the customers very easily. If the customers find the products easily accessible, then the customers tend to lean towards the company because they have trust on the company products and its availability (Castleberry, 2014). P11 Factors affecting the effective implementation of the marketing plan Priority- Nelson Professional Clothing prioritizes the necessity of the company previously before implementation of the marketing plan. This is done to see which of the factors needs to be prioritized before hand and need to be resolved (Tyssen et al. 2013). This helps in understanding the importance of the factors that have to be completed by the time and the factors which can wait for a time being. Resources of company- The resources are another important factor that affects the implementation of an effective marketing plan. The company needs to understand the resources it has for successful implementation of the marketing plan (Anderson, 2012). The resources include the finances, vendor relationships, finances, access to materials, human resource and raw material availability. Forecasting- A concrete market research has to be done in order to forecast the future for implementation of marketing plan. The marketing plan has to be done in order to forecast the sales, revenues, personal costs and other overhead costs (McKay, 2014). It will be tough for the company to say whether there are chances of successor not by accurate forecasting of the plan. Task 4 P12 Ethical issues influencing marketing planning The ethical issues influence the market planning to a huge extent. This helps in building up a healthy relationship between the customers and the company. This increases the trust of the customers on the organization which gives a positive impact on the sales and profit of the company (Schultz, 2012). In addition to this, the organization maintaining ethics also have a good reputation and brand image in the market. The employees are also content with the ethics and thereby the employees, workers and customers all feel safe to do business with the organization. P13 Response of Nelson Professional Clothing to ethical issues Nelson Professional Clothing though has faced hug loses during the time of recession still it uses ethical ways of market planning and marketing. This is because, the company is very much conscious about is brand image. The company has opted for a low price strategy but it keeps a balance with the market prices through a good market research (Castleberry, 2014). Moreover, it gives advertisements of the products with the actual price and never opts for deceiving the customers. This is because they believe that through their quality and good marketing policies, they can regain their position. P14 Examples of consumer ethics and their effect on marketing planning Pricing ethics- The pricing ethics need to be ethical enough since it influences the market planning. Bid rigging and predatory pricing needs to be stopped since they are the unethical practices. Bid rigging means a commercial contract that is promised to one party but other parties are also present (Glaser and Traynor, 2014). Predatory pricing is selling products and services at a considerable low price with an intention for driving out the competitors as well as new competitors from the market. This helps in increasing the trust and belief of the customers on the company. Anti competitive practices- This practice involves bait and switch form of fraud where the customers are baited through low price products by advertisements. But the actual fact is that the prices of the products and services are switched to higher costs (Schultz, 2012). This affects the band image of the company and is an unethical way of market planning. This strengthens the relationship between the company and the customers. Conclusion This assignment has focused on the marketing plan of Nelson Professional Clothing evaluating the capacity of the organization to face the change along with the analysis of external factors that affects the market planning. In addition to this the ethics related to fair trading is also discussed along with the barriers of market planning and ways to overcome it. Moreover, market planning along with the requirements of it and techniques for the development of new products are also discussed. Reference List Books Anderson, D. (2012)Strategic marketing planning for the small to medium-sized business, New York: Business Expert Press Glaser, R. and Traynor, R. (2014)Strategic practice management, San Diego: Plural Pub Mooradian, T., Matzler, K. and Ring, L. (2012)Strategic marketing, Boston, MA: Pearson Prentice Hall Towers, N. (2012)The marketing planning process, London: BPP Learning Media Ltd Journals Arnold, K. and Loughlin, C. (2013) Integrating transformational and participative versus directive leadership theories,Leadership Organizational Development Journal, 34(1), pp.67-84 Bazini, E. and Ramaj, A. (2013) Database Marketing Application and Barriers Faced by Firms in Service Sector in Albania A Framework For Understand Its Role in Creating Competitive Advantage,Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, pp. 47-65 Castleberry, S. (2014) Salesperson Ethics: An Interactive Computer Simulation,Journal of Marketing Education, 36(2), pp.209-216 Chang, C. and Cheng, Z. (2014) Tugging on Heartstrings: Shopping Orientation, Mindset, and Consumer Responses to Cause-Related Marketing,Journal of Business Ethics, pp. 73-84 Gunder, M. (2011) An introduction: Psychoanalytical thought and planning theory,Planning Theory, 10(4), pp.299-300 Karakaya, F. and Parayitam, S. (2013) Barriers to entry and firm performance: a proposed model and curvilinear relationships,Journal of Strategic Marketing, 21(1), pp.25-47 McKay, S. (2014) Attitudes and Ethics: Evaluating Knowledge and Regulatory Constructs in Planning Enforcement Practice, European Planning Studies, pp.1-22 Perret, J. and Holmlund, M. (2013) Ethics and responsibility in relationship marketing,Marketing Intelligence Plan, 31(7), pp.746-763 Schultz, P. (2012) The market for new issues of municipal bonds: The roles of transparency and limited access to retail investors,Journal of Financial Economics, 106(3), pp.492-512 Tyssen, A., Wald, A. and Spieth, P. (2013) Leadership in Temporary Organizations: A Review of Leadership Theories and a Research Agenda,Project Management Journal, 44(6), pp.52-67

sam Essays (361 words) - Herbert Spencer, Biological Evolution

Darwin brought to life the idea that things evolved according to the environment they are in. He also stated that humans were not exempt from this process because, humans, like all organisms, are a part of nature, and thus we are forced to recognize that evolution is natural. This resulted in social Darwinism, a belief that the term ?survival of the fittest? does not only apply to animals, but humanity as well, and led to many other ideas like Eugenics, by Sir Francis Galton, who believed that the poor and insane should be sterilized because they were undeserving of life. Another good example of social Darwinism is Karl Pearson, who believed that some races were superior to others, and the inferior races deserved to die because they would delay the advancement of the human species. Because people trusted more in scientific fact than their own faith this caused many people to have doubts about creationism. The Catholic Church officially rejected evolution because it challenged traditional beliefs that people were created by god. Before Darwin, Catholicism hadn?t really been challenged by scientific fact. This new wave of thinking heavily influenced by Darwin had people believing that religion was a thing of the past. Creationism was how the world was started by god, and Darwin?s theory was that it was done by natural selection. Because religion wasn?t how we came to be on earth, there was no divine intervene. We have no god. Darwin heavily influenced the idea that everything was done through nature, as oppose to a higher power. Because we are just an advanced evolution of animals, we still share some of the same characteristics that they do. This was a big shocker to many because most people during that time were very religious and believed that human nature was kind and loving. They did not want to think that we came from a primitive species. However, there were some that did accept his theory and they helped bring out a new idea that we are animals, and just like our ancestors, we are beasts by nature and we were set upon the earth for no particular purpose.

10 5-Paragraph Essay Topics on Worker#8217;s Remittance

10 5-Paragraph Essay Topics on Worker#8217;s Remittance If you have to write a five paragraph essay on Worker’s Remittances you will no doubt need some facts. If you want some interesting facts for your next paper, consider the list of ten below: With international migration, or people moving across international borders, the growth and alleviation of poverty among countries of origin and destination are changing. There are over 247 million people since 2013 living outside of their birth country. 750 million people have migrated within their country of birth. Today that there are changes to the climate, the demographic forces and globalization which increasing migration pressure. International migration increases world incomes. When workers move to where they are most productive the migration increases income and aggregate output. Remittances help to reduce the severity of poverty. In addition to this remittances provide higher rates of human capital accumulation. Remittances provide greater health expenses and educational expenses. Remittances offer better communication technologies access and information access. Remittances improve access to formal financial services. Remittances enhance investments in small businesses and encourage higher entrepreneurship levels. Remittances prepare citizens against the adverse impact brought about by cyclones, droughts, and earthquakes. Remittances reduce child labor. When members of a large group or family scatter around the world in search of better jobs, it functions as an important source for capital, knowledge, technology, and trade for both the countries from which the people originate and the destination country where work is found. After NAFTA was implemented, the ability of farmers in America to send crops such as strawberries for low prices put many strawberry farmers in Mexico out of business. As a result, many of these poor farmers have taken to saving up all that they can in an effort to illegally cross the border in search of seasonal work. If they make it safely to America they work menial jobs at times and send the majority of their money back to their families in Mexico. Some individuals will remain away for at least one year; Due to the high cost of smuggling across the border they must remain working long enough to cover their coyote smuggling fees as well as earn the money their family needs to survive for as long as possible, and have money set aside to pay for a follow up trip back across the border at such a time as the money they send home runs out. This is a risky endeavor for those who do cross, and it means a great deal of financial risk, physical risk, legal risk, and time away from their fa milies. Many of the farmers who were put out of business because of NAFTA do this regularly, sending most of their money back home. Due to NAFTA Mexico has made strides in nearing the levels of exports of the United States and Canada which has increased workers remittances. Mexican imports to the U.S. have increased four times since the implementation of NAFTA, rising from $60 billion per year to $280 billion per year. In addition, Mexico has moved from a closed economy to one that is open to investments and foreign markets. The amount of foreign direct investment in Mexico has also increased from $1.3 million prior to the implementation of NAFTA to $14 billion after the agreement was launched. Mexico’s agricultural exports have increased by more than 100% since NAFTA was introduced. The United States and Canada have invested more than $20 million in technology and programs to assist Mexico with challenges faced related to agricultural changes, all in an effort to ease the transition to open trade. As a direct result of the free trade agreement, wages have also increased and jobs have been created, additio nally contributing to workers remittances from Mexican laborers and migrant labor into Mexico. Mexico has been able to benefit from increased competition and imports, which has worked to bring about lower prices for many goods. After the signing of NAFTA, the United States saw a rise in migrant workers looking for jobs in any industry so as to afford them the ability to send workers remittances back home. Many people now come from South American countries for years at a time, being deprived of their families and friends just for the opportunity to send them more money than could possibly be made in their home country. Statistics indicate that US manufacturing output increased by 58% between 1996 and 2003. Migrants who rely upon workers remittances from jobs held in the United States have also benefited from an increase in free trade with Canada and Mexico in terms of agriculture. Mexico and Canada are the two largest markets for American agricultural products. U.S. food and farm exports to the world have increased by approximately 65% over a 15 year period; however exports to the other two members of NAFTA have increased by 165%. Prior to NAFTA, U.S. exports to Mexico were in a decline. After NAFTA was introduced, that trend was reversed and 72% of the agricultural products imported into Mexico in 2007 were from the U.S. Officially recorded worker’s remittances sent back to developing countries in 2014 reached a total of $427 billion. This figure is an increase of 3.3% from the year prior. The total global workers remittance figures, including money sent to developed, high-income countries reached $580 billion. India is the top recipient of officially recorded workers remittances, with a total of $70 billion sent from around the world to India. Behind them in second place is China, where $62 billion of workers remittances were sent. In third place are the Philippines where $28 billion worth of workers remittances were sent. Behind them is Mexico where a total of $25 billion worth of workers remittances were sent. Some additional recipients include Egypt, Nigeria, Vietnam, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Remittances which are sent to developing countries have equaled over three times the official amount of development assistance available in said countries. However, economic difficulties are the backbone for a projection that workers remittances are set to decrease by 2%. These facts should give you sufficient constructive data for your 5-paragraph essay on worker’s remittance. Don’t forget to check our 20 topics and 1 sample essay on worker’s remittance as well as our guide on how to write a 5-paragraph essay. References: Aggarwal, Reena, Asli Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt, and Maria Soledad Martinez Peria. Do workers remittances promote financial development?.  World Bank Policy Research Working Paper  3957 (2006). Ratha, Dilip. Workers’ remittances: an important and stable source of external development finance. (2005). Sayan, Serdar, and Ayà §a Tekin-Koru. The Effects of Economic Developments and Policies in Host Countries on Workers’ Remittance Receipts of Developing Countries: The Cases of Turkey and Mexico Compared.  The Impact of Rich Country Policies on Developing Economies. London: Edward Elgar, forthcoming  (2008). Sayan, Serdar. Business cycles and workers remittances: How do migrant workers respond to cyclical movements of GDP at home?. (2006): 1-20. Swamy, Gurushri. International migrant workers remittances: issues and prospects. (1981). Taylor, Edward J. The new economics of labour migration and the role of remittances in the migration process.  International migration  37.1 (1999): 63-88. Yasmeen, Kausar, et al. The Impact of Workers Remittances on Private Investment and Total Consumption in Pakistan.  International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting  1.1 (2011): 152.

Religion and the Syrian Civil War

Religion and the Syrian Civil War Religion played a minor but important role in the conflict in Syria. A United Nations report released in late 2012 said that the conflict was becoming â€Å"overtly sectarian† in some parts of the country, with Syria’s various religious communities finding themselves on the opposite sides of the fight between the government of President Bashar al-Assad and Syria’s fractured opposition. Growing Religious Divide At its core, the civil war in Syria is not a religious conflict. The dividing line is one’s loyalty to Assad’s government. However, some religious communities tend to be more supportive of the regime than others, fueling mutual suspicion and religious intolerance in many parts of the country. Syria is an Arab country with a Kurdish and Armenian minority. In term of religious identity, most of the Arab majority belong to the Sunni branch of Islam, with several Muslim minority groups associated with Shiite Islam. Christians from different denominations represent a smaller percentage of the population. The emergence among anti-government rebels of hard-line Sunni Islamist militias fighting for an Islamic state has alienated the minorities. Outside interference from  Shiite Iran, Islamic State militants who seek to include  Syria as part of their widespread caliphate and Sunni Saudi Arabia  makes matters worse, feeding into the wider Sunni-Shiite tension in the Middle East. Alawites   President Assad belongs to the Alawite minority, an offshoot of Shiite Islam that is specific to Syria (with small population pockets in Lebanon). The Assad family has been in power since 1970 (Bashar al-Assads father, Hafez al-Assad, served as president from 1971 until his death in 2000), and although it presided over a secular regime, many Syrians think Alawites have enjoyed privileged access to top government jobs and business opportunities. After the outbreak of the anti-government uprising in 2011, the vast majority of Alawites rallied behind the Assad regime, fearful of discrimination if the Sunni majority came to power. Most of the top rank in Assads army and intelligence services are Alawites, making the Alawite community as a whole closely identified with the government camp in the civil war. However, a group of religious Alawite leaders claimed independence from Assad recently, begging the question of whether the Alawite community is itself splintering in its support of Assad. Sunni Muslim Arabs A majority of Syrians are Sunni Arabs, but they are politically divided. True, most of the fighters in rebel opposition groups under the  Free Syrian Army  umbrella come from the Sunni provincial heartlands, and many Sunni Islamists don’t consider Alawites to be real Muslims. The armed confrontation between largely Sunni rebels and the Alawite-led government troops at one point led some observers to see Syria’s civil war as a conflict between Sunnis and Alawites. But, it’s not that simple. Most of the regular government soldiers fighting the rebels are Sunni recruits (though thousands have defected to various opposition groups), and Sunnis hold leading positions in the government, the bureaucracy, the ruling Baath Party and the business community. Some businessmen and middle-class Sunnis support the regime because they want to protect their material interests. Many others are simply scared by Islamist groups within the rebel movements and don’t trust the opposition. In any case, the bedrock of support from sections of the Sunni community has been key to Assad’s survival. Christians The Arab Christian minority in Syria at one time enjoyed relative security under Assad, integrated by the regime’s secular nationalist ideology. Many Christians fear that this politically repressive but religiously tolerant dictatorship will be replaced by a Sunni Islamist regime that will discriminate against minorities, pointing to the prosecution of Iraqi Christians by Islamist extremists after the fall of Saddam Hussein. This led to the Christian establishment: the merchants, top bureaucrats, and religious leaders, to support the government or at least distance themselves from what they saw as a Sunni uprising in 2011. And although there are many Christians in the ranks of the political opposition, such as the Syrian National Coalition, and among the pro-democracy youth activists, some rebel groups now consider all Christians to be collaborators with the regime. Christian leaders, meanwhile, are now faced with the moral obligation to speak out against Assads extreme violence and atrocities against all Syrian citizens regardless of their faith. The Druze Ismailis The Druze and the Ismailis are two distinct Muslim minorities believed to have developed out of the Shiite branch of Islam. Not unlike other minorities, The Druze and Ismailis fear that the regime’s potential downfall will give way to chaos and religious persecution. The reluctance of their leaders to join the opposition has often been interpreted as tacit support for Assad, but that isnt the case. These minorities are caught between extremist groups like the Islamic State, Assads military and opposition forces in what one Middle East analyst, Karim Bitar, from the think tank IRIS calls the tragic dilemma of religious minorities. Twelver Shiites While most Shiites in Iraq, Iran, and Lebanon belong to the mainstream Twelver branch, this principal form of Shiite Islam is only a tiny minority in Syria, concentrated in parts of the capital city of Damascus. However, their numbers swelled after 2003 with the arrival of hundreds of thousands of Iraqi refugees during the Sunni-Shiite civil war in that country. Twelver Shiites fear a radical Islamist takeover of Syria and largely support the Assad regime. With Syria’s ongoing descent into conflict, some Shiites moved back to Iraq. Others organized militias to defend their neighborhoods from Sunni rebels, adding yet another layer to the fragmentation of Syria’s religious society.

Bard, M. G. The complete idiot's guide to Middle East conflict Annotated Bibliography

Bard, M. G. The complete idiot's guide to Middle East conflict - Annotated Bibliography Example Bennett, A. G. (2009). The Big Book of Marketing: Lessons and Practices from the World's Greatest Companies. New York City: The McGraw Hill Companies. This book was taken into account because it gave an in-depth detail about the strategies of both Pepsi and Coca-Cola in Cyber war, and how both companies attracted internet users through its marketing approach. Although much is not written about the competition in internet, but at least Pepsi and Coke are competing for marketing slots on the internet. This book is about the internet marketing strategies and rivalry between different well established brands such as Google and Yahoo, HP and Apple etc. The book gives an early history of the initiation of cyber war between Coca Cola and Pepsi; where Coca Cola introduced â€Å"Coke Rewards† as result of Pepsi introduction of â€Å"Pepsi Stuff†. This book is extremely credible because of its neutral approach to cyber marketing with respect to different rival countries. Solis, B., & Kutcher, A. (2010). Engage!: The Complete Guide for Brands and Businesses to Build, Cultivate, and Measure Success in the Web. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc. This Book was written by well known author of internet marketing Brian Solis and well known actor Ashton Kutcher. It gave an in-depth detail about internet marketing ventures of Coca-Cola and analyzes its success in that aspect.

Tata Motors marketing strategy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tata Motors marketing strategy - Coursework Example The suppliers have little bargaining power over Tata Motors (Morrison, 2011). The suppliers include companies selling metals, tires, radios, air condition units, and other accessions to Tata Motors. The suppliers include companies offering different accessories Tata Motors. A large number of competing suppliers prevents one supplier having significant control or influence over Tata Motors’ choice of suppliers. In the short term, the suppliers’ bargaining power has a favorable effect on Tata Motors. Tata Motors can choose a supplier that offers the best quality product or service. In the long term, the suppliers’ bargaining power has an unfavorable effect on Tata Motors. The suppliers may unite to offer an industry-agreed price for the products. The new competitors’ threat is insignificant (Clark, 2010). With the high entry barriers, entities are discouraged from entering Tata Motors’ current vehicle market. One of the high barriers is the required h igh investment amount. Another barrier is the high India import duty rates. A third high barrier is the need to adapt the imported motor vehicles to India’s dilapidated poor road conditions. The fourth barrier is the high-temperature level’s damaging effects on the new competitors’ motor vehicles.The substitutes deliver lesser transportation quality and service than Tata Motors. The use of slow men-carrying Palanquin transport is not practical. The use of the Bullock cart is unrealistically slow. The horse carriage is slower than the Tata vehicle.

Culturally Inclusive Classrooms Essay Example for Free

Culturally Inclusive Classrooms Essay How to build culturally inclusive and resilient ELEMENTARY classrooms and what types of supports are in communities that can facilitate student efforts to overcome cultural gaps in the home and in the school (elementary/secondary school level) A culturally inclusive classroom may consist of extremely diverse ethnic composition of students. With new immigration, more and more students are entering school, with little or no knowledge of English and have diverse educational and cultural backgrounds. A recent study on 400 school children in California shows that only 4% of enrolled children come from a single racial group (Chang, 1993). This has resulted in making of classrooms that have students coming from various nationalities, languages, social and economic backgrounds. The growing diversity is not only a problem to the teachers who are not adequately equipped to handle them, but also to parents, who are not sure whether the child’s adaptation will help him or alienate him from his community. Efforts are made to give prominence to the learning of the children with diverse backgrounds. Anti-bias curricula, use of home language and culture of the child, is recommended by National Assessment for Education of Young children, to foster learning of English and basic skills. It aims to make the first school experience a positive one. The forum on the Future of Children and Families held a workshop in 1993 in order to frame a sketch, to assess the scope of adequacy of research in early education of culturally diverse children. It tried to assess the most important factors in the early childhood education of a diverse group of students. Efforts were made to understand the influence of culture on human development and emphasis was laid on examining differences within culture and outside culture. Claude Goldenberg warned against treatment of culture as ‘straitjacket that predetermines the learning experience that children benefit from’ ( Goldenberg . C. 1987). It was observed and accepted that exposure at home influenced the adaptation of the children to school norms and environment. The workshop structured three questions that came up as a result of in depth study. These were- †¢ What role was played by the culture and home experience in shaping learning opportunities? †¢ How the cultural and linguistic background of children affects the knowledge skills and expectations they bring with them? †¢ How should the nature of instruction vary with learning and motivation from various backgrounds? A child has to learn the rules of two environments home and school from his pre school days i. e. , age of 3-4 years. Children who face a language and culture thoroughly different at home and school face a lot of conflicts about behavior which might result in incompatibility. Researchers have found that inconsistency in home and school make learning difficult and adjustments uneasy. The children who do not have some insightful understanding of alphabets and numbers are likely to be left behind in class. Sharon, Griffin and her colleagues (Case and Griffin, 1990, Griffin, Case and Siegler 1992) noticed striking difference in the understanding of maths in low income groups. Claude Goldenberg his colleagues designed an intervention to improve the early literacy achievement of Spanish speaking children in Kindergarten. Timothy Shanahan and his colleagues designed the FLAME project to enable parents with limited expertise in Spanish to improve literacy achievements of their children. Both the projects on evaluation showed significant positive effects on the children’s literacy achievement, Goldenberg reported that control group which received structured instructions outperformed those with informal intervention. Research shows that guided learning at home can effect children’s adjustment in classrooms. Children who remain unaware of such guidance become incompatible in learning, may retreat from learning and even become disruptive. It also showed that there was no proof to suggest that children are constrained by culture in their learning abilities. Social Setting of learning constituted teaching, learning and performance. Research with Hawaiian families showed that ( Gallimore, Boggs and Jordan, 1974) children were accustomed to learning in peer interactions and indirect supervision from teachers exhibited a decline in disruptive and inattentive behavior. Classrooms fostering independent learning seemed alien to these students. Study made on Navajo children (Vogl, Jordan and Tharp , 1987) brought in the fact that peer group study was less prevalent in this culture. Effective classrooms brought out best performance when the children were allowed to work independently- as they did in their communities. Culture shapes conversations and paces response patterns. Pueblo Indian children give more elaborate responses and have spontaneous participation when given enough response time. (Winterton, 1977). Native Hawaiian students when given long waiting time are inhibited in participation. (White Tharp, 1988). Claude Goldenberg found that children learn in accustomed way of entering into a speech- guided by their culture. Latino –American students corroborated this experience, whose mothers use highly directive pattern of communication. Research evidence points to the fact that certain amount of compatibility between home and school culture is required to improve classroom activities. Goldenberg says â€Å"with the exception of same studies of cooperative learning and bilingual education, the experimental evidence linking cultural compatible instructions scholastic outcome can be very tenuous†. Constancy in school environment may not be always wanted. Yet some parents seek it so that the child is exposed to different educational experiences. For a child, the process of adjustment to varied environment at school and home may prove beneficial in future years of schooling and multicultural environment. Differences in the two environments may compliment and reinforce their learning. A culturally inclusive environment requires mutual respect, effective relationships, clear communication, explicit understandings about expectations and critical self –reflection. (Flinders University). In a culturally inclusive environment a student will be allowed to express his opinion freely, participate in classroom’s activities, experience stress free classes with no fear of unfair treatment or abuse. It also facilitates that teachers are approachable and open to concepts and ideas from different culture, allow diversity and promote a relaxed setting of learning. When teaching students from diverse background, a teacher needs to plan out his instruction with attention and care, with skills and strategies, specialized with an array of educational aids and materials. He has to keep in mind certain facts about his students, their experience in school, home and outside school and design the curriculum in accordance with their exposure. It should also be guided by the strengths and weaknesses of their experience. Teachers need to connect to the experience of his students. Reading about flowers, fruits, animals children are not familiar with in their culture or may not have been exposed to, makes it meaning less for the child. Readings to build vocabulary and comprehension are meaningful, when the child can connect to it. He also understands that his views are being respected, making him feel secure . Children are intelligent to sense if the support for diverse culture is superficial or genuine. Ysseldyke, Algozzine Thurlow point out that a teacher needs to ask himself if the curriculum is tailored to the interest of the student, are the study materials used in any way reflective of cultural or ethnic diversity. He also needs to be aware of the learning styles adapted by his students. The curriculum needs to be complete and accurate and have materials for all the students. It should avoid being symbolic and should not make the underrepresented group feel ‘the other’. Check should be made to see that the curriculum does not discriminate. Teaching materials used should be unbiased and un-oppressive (male centric, race centric etc). The content must explore a large angle of variety, be accurate and complete. Students need to be made aware about the issues of social justice. Lessons on racism, sexism, classism and other forms of oppression need to be facilitated and discussed in class, to enhance the awareness. In the assessment student feedback should be encouraged. Teachers should work with each other and critically appreciate each others work . Teachers could introduce various awareness activities in the class. Participants can introduce themselves and share their ethnicity, similarities and diversities with other members of the group Students may be encouraged to speak on their multi-cultural experiences . Some activities may include students sharing their identity through a poem. Sharing experiences of prejudices or discrimination as a sufferer or doer, personal experience of gender-bias may be discussed. Students can be encouraged to relate aspects of their personality, identity. Feeling of inclusion or exclusion in a learning process and multicultural awareness quiz etc may be conducted. A model developed by Australian Ministries of Education, aimed at education of educational equality of indigenous people, focused on three areas- community, school and classroom. Parents, Teachers, care givers, and previous school needed to be involved in a common understanding and adopting new approach to teaching of students from multicultural backgrounds. Strong partnerships between school and homemakers made the study supportive. School officials had the duty to look after and assist each student in the development of essential skills and attitude of the students to work independently, cooperatively and responsibly. The programs monitoring and assessment provided vital clues to the future direction of the curriculum. It stated the importance of assessment made as a joint effort between students, parents and community members who provide important input in the assessment. The data collected by various workshops and research points out to the fact that there is more room for study to be made on improvising culturally inclusive schools, classrooms. Very few teachers are trained and equipped to handle such diverse culture classes. Coordination between community and schools are wanted, to make a complete, homogeneous education to students from diverse cultural background. . References Case, R. , and S. Griffin 1990 Child cognitive development: The role of central conceptual structures in the development of scientific and social thought. In C-A. Hauert ed. , Developmental Psychology: Cognitive, Perceptuo-Motor and Psychological Perspectives. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier. Chang, H. 1993 Affirming Childrens Roots: Cultural and Linguistic Diversity in Early Care and Education. San Francisco, Calif. : California Tomorrow. Gallimore, R. , J. W. Boggs, and C. Jordan 1974 Culture, Behavior, and Education: A Study of Hawaiian-Americans. Beverly Hills, Calif. : Sage. Goldenberg, C. 1987 Low-income Hispanic parents contributions to their first-grade childrens word-recognition skills. Anthropology and Education Quarterly 18:149-179. In press. Promoting early literacy development among Spanish-speaking children: Lessons from two studies. In E. Hiebert, ed. , Teaching Children to Read: The State of Early Interventions. Boston, Mass. : Allyn Bacon Griffin, S. , R. Case, and R. Siegler 1992 Rightstart: Providing the Central Conceptual Prerequisites for First Formal Learning of Arithmetic to Students at Risk for School Failure. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Education, Clark University. Howard Weiner, Adelphi University, Garden city, New York, Culturally Insulated Students : Assessing the Diversity Disposition Cap in a Predominantly White University with a New Instrument, the Culturally Responsive Educator Test. Journal of Authentic Learning, Volume 2, Number 1, September 2005. National Association for the Education of Young Children 1989 The Anti-bias Curriculum: Tools for Empowering Young Children. Washington, D. C. : National Association for the Education of Young Children. National Association for Family Day Care 1990 Helping Children Love Themselves and Others: A Professional Handbook for Family Day Care Providers. Washington, D. C. : National Association for Family Day Care.

Analyzing the Marketing of Rehabilitation Goods & Services and The Dis

The Marketing of Rehabilitative Goods and Services by Gary L. Albrecht was written with the intention of giving its reader a better understanding of who has the most to gain in the business of rehabilitative services. One position states that the institutions benefit most, while others feel it is the consumer who has the most to gain. The main controversy discussed in this article is the usage of marketing strategies for rehabilitative health care institutions to increase sales and raise profit margins on service that was once provided pro bono. Another concern is with the amount of new equipment and ever changing standards of rehabilitation. Are consumers well enough informed or educated into making the proper decisions as to what care they need? Also, how do the poor, elderly, disenfranchised, and those who cannot afford healthcare receive treatment? Are patients receiving the best possible care for their ailments; or are they being exploited? These are the dilemmas on the issue o f rehabilitative goods and services. The Disability Wars by Timothy Kenney describes the nightmare of becoming physically disabled to the point where one can no longer work and care for their family. It also talks about the hardships of and problems brought about through the use of medical benefits and collection of social security. Both articles will now be analyzed more closely and possible resolutions to each of these issues, marketing of rehabilitation goods and services, and the disability wars will be discussed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main issue with the marketing of rehabilitative goods and services deals with, the new wave of marketing strategies and promotional ideas implemented to increase sales and profits of the health care institutions. This rehabilitative service, which was once provided to those in need pro bono, is now recognized as a commodity. Due to the increase in the elderly population and the popularity of sport, there are more people with disabilities than ever before. Thus an influx in the supply and demand has been created and the market for rehabilitative services exists. With more patients than the normal health care provider can care for, new institutions are being erected all across America with their sole purpose in rehabilitating the disabled. One such facility is the Rush-Presbyterian St. Luke’s Medical Center in Chicago. This medical ce... ...y.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The moral and ethical questions that are raised in this article have to deal with insurance companies and social security alike having the ability to deny claims as they please, leaving people with serious medical conditions out there with no support when they need it the most. Another big controversy with social security is the fact that people pay into it for so many years and when it comes time for social security to pay back, they just deny the claim and send you back to work. But once the ill person returns to work the social security payments are immediately deducted from their checks again. A possible solution for this problem is to have the CDC and FDA get together and make a list of acceptable diseases and syndromes that will be covered by social security and then provide assistance to everyone who falls into the acceptable categories. It is understandable that the insurance companies are in business to make money, however the Social Security Administrati on should not. They should be required to pay back out to those who have paid in. Some legislation should also be passed as to how insurance companies can disseminate amongst valid claims.

Donation For Lekemia & Lymphoma Society Tnt Essay

Myoproliferative disorders such as Leukaemia, lymphoma and Myeloma constitute a health, financial and social burden to patients and their family members. We do have a role to play to ameliorate this enormous burden; that is by donating to the Support. By this, we make others smile. The result: we are fulfilled and happy, too. You are not alone, I shall also be a part of this course. This year is a very exciting year for me and my two daughters. This is because we all are graduating in June 2008. I am going to do something that I always want to do: that is to participate in the Frederick Marathon on May 17th as member of The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Teams in Training. In order to support this worthy cause, I have to raise funds to help find cures for Leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma and myeloma. This is in a bid to prevent or reduce mortality associated with these cancerous tumours. Leukemia, Lymphoma and Myeloma are cancers that originate in the bone marrow or lymphatic tissues. This affects the person’s healthy blood cells. Every 5 minutes some one is diagnosed with blood cancer and every 10 minutes someone dies from a blood cancer. You may not believe this but nearly 6 people every hour dies from this disease. These staggering statistics only show the numerical calamity associated with these cancers, not to talk of the psychological and economic implications of these debilitating conditions on patients and their family members. There is a way to help assuage such burden: and that is to donate funds for research, families, and treatments. And by this I am determined to raise $1500. 00 or more to contribute to the course. |I implore you to make a donation to support my participation in Team in Training and help support the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. You can make your donation but make sure the checks are written out to The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society and mail them to: You can also make your donation online on my website, which can be forwarded my website to your friends and family. This is a contribution that has a positive effect on the life of others. And there is nothing like making others happy. In fact, this is one of the things we can do for our country, our people in demonstration of our love for others.

Critical Analysis of The Apology of Socrates by Plato Essay

Socrates was an orator and philosopher whose primary interests were logic, ethics and epistemology. In Plato’s Apology of Socrates, Plato recounts the speech that Socrates gave shortly before his death, during the trial in 399 BC in which he was charged with â€Å"corrupting the young, and by not believing in the gods in whom the city believes, also being a busybody and intervene gods business†. The name of the work itself is not mean what it is appeared; here, Socrates is not apologizing, but merely speaking in defense of his beliefs and actions – the word apology is used in the context of its original meaning. During this apology, Socrates attempts to explain himself and the decisions that led to his action, educating his audience in the philosophical questions he chooses to pose. Socrates does not try to avoid death in the trial; instead, his goal is to enlighten the public for the last time before his own passing. Socrates was always fascinated with the solving of questions, both big and small; his approach was to use the Socratic method of inquiry, wherein he would break the problem down into several questions, and then systematically find the answers to each question in order to find the larger answer. It was a methodical and practical approach to show his ultimate quest for seeking the true knowledge. He says, â€Å"His wisdom is truly worthless†; this is indicative of his unending search for more and more knowledge (Apology 23b). According to him, philosophy starts by admitting that you are ignorant of the truth, which is what he does here. It is with this approach to philosophical questions and dilemmas – the use of Socratic irony – that Socrates chooses to engage with his audience and demonstrate why he did what he did. The Socratic method of dialectical investigation utilized arguments to try and determine ethics and truth. Two techniques were primarily used by Socrates: first, he would create a hypothesis, and then he would investigate any potential conflicts with that hypothesis. Assumptions and presumptions would be challenged in order to discover what was true. Socrates focused on valuing thought above all else. His primary method was asking questions, developing hypotheses, and testing them to see if the evidence supported them. Socrates, for the most part, values the integrity of society, and feels as though a group of people coming together to form a community should be respected by honoring the social contract. At the same time, there are aspects of the self that are more important than a communal whole, and a society must be made up of individuals that follow the principles shared by the whole. One should not be forced to behave in a manner inconsistent with their beliefs; an ideal society is comprised of individuals who may all subscribe to the different philosophies but are able to listen and except others idea the same time. As Socrates mentioned in the text that a person should be judge by what he have down, not by his behavior. It is only then that justice can be really served. Socrates’ approach to the trial is admirable; instead of expressing panic or desperation at the prospect of his life ending, the man instead maintains his calm and simply, effectively explains his position. He presents himself as the ideal philosopher, being unwavering in his justification for his actions and wishing to inspire his audience. Using his own use of figure of speech and his Socratic principles, he breaks down discussions he has with characters such as the Delphic oracle, Meletus, and more to expound his ideas. The beginning of Socrates’ argument relies on the aforementioned acknowledgement of Socratic irony – the most philosophical man is the one who admits his ignorance, and is able to point out the ignorance of others. When the oracle of Delphi told Chaerephon that no one is wiser than Socrates, he chose to go on a journey to deal with this paradox; he knew he was ignorant, so he could not be wiser than everyone else. To that end, he questioned politicians, poets and craftsmen, it coming to the ineffable conclusion that none of them knew what they were talking about either. At that end, Socrates claims he began to see himself as a representative of the oracle’s words; instead of pretending to know a great deal, he chose to profess his ignorance and be honest with himself about it (23e). To that end, he was able to act as himself and maintain his integrity. During the trial, Socrates holds everyone else to the same standard; when he talks about Meletus, his accuser, he calls him out on not actually caring about what he professes to care about – namely, the charges against Socrates. Through the trial, Socrates has proved not only Meletus do not care about the matter he mentioned in the charge, also he has no idea what is he talking about either a lot or a little, Socrates cleverly seduced Meletus go into his trap, by using the anger that Meletus hold against Socrates. Because obvious there are some much better answers for Meletus to answer. Socrates had very specific ideas regarding what constituted ‘the good life. ‘ To him, the most important value a person has is virtue, and the good life is spent looking for the Good. This was known as the love of wisdom. Socrates had little regard for worldly affairs, and the material or pleasurable things that many people might consider to contribute to ‘the good life’; instead, he thought that the best thing to do in life is to â€Å"pursue the love of wisdom,† instead of â€Å"money, and reputation, and public honor† (Apology 29d-30b). He defended this by living the philosophy, and emphasizing certain virtues that were purported to be the best things that humanity could offer itself. By avoiding the search for wealth and instead growing as people, Socrates attempted to build a community of better individuals. Socrates firmly believed that a higher order should be followed when conducting one’s life; whenever divine authority conflicts with human authority, one must follow divine authority first. â€Å"Gentlemen, I am your grateful and devoted servant, but I owe a greater obedience to God than to you; and as long as I draw breath and have my faculties I shall never stop practicing philosophy† (Apology). He feels he has a duty, as a philosopher, to constantly question and examining the world around him to find answers, since his professed ignorance frees him from pretending he already knows said answers. All of these arguments comment heavily on the charges against Socrates; in essence, people hated his questioning and argumentation, as well as the perception that he was insulting those whom he was interrogating. Socrates lamented the focus on material wealth and power, at the expense of eschewing internal exploration and philosophy. â€Å"Are you not ashamed that you give your attention to acquiring as much money as possible, and similarly with reputation and honor, and give no attention or thought to truth and understanding and the perfection of your soul? † (Apology). Here, he is condemning his audience (and the people of Athens) for not working toward the greatest good, which is the study of self and the world around them; this is the reason for his interrogating, and the very thing they are punishing him for. If he has to be irritating and annoying to his peers, so be it; he will not stop until he improves the lives of the people he lives with, â€Å"and all day long I will never cease to settle here, there and everywhere, rousing, persuading, and reproving every one of you† (Apology 30e). This is a bold statement that proves his use of his defense to educate the people of Athens as to their own problems. In his second speech, after the jury voted guilty, He provided his version of penalty that he thinks he deserves. Obvious there could be a better way to persuade the jury, unfortunately it is not how Socrates wants it to down. He keeps denying the penalty and showed no respect to the jury. The conclusion to his action is Socrates knows the life he will have will never be the same, and if the life is not turn out as he wanted, then it is not worth to living. He believes what he does is the best life for human being, and he was tried to teach the audiences a lesson. He notes that it might have been possible for him to save his life by begging the court’s mercy and appealing to them. However, he did not do this; this was not out of ignorance or ineffectiveness in his approach, but he wanted to be honest and truthful about his opinions – namely, that the jury and those who were charging him were afraid of his criticism. To Socrates, it is better to die as an honest man who is unafraid of his convictions than to live having sacrificed them. Because of that, he wants to make an example of himself to the jury, proving a life lived honestly is one which brings greater peace. In his final argument, when the jury votes to execute Socrates, he regarding his impending death plays into his central thesis. According to Socrates, there are two kinds of death: death as annihilation (you go to sleep and feel and experience nothing more) and death as transmigration (where you have a soul which goes somewhere else). Definition is defended by Socrates; the annihilation should be looked forward to like you would finally going to sleep, and transmigration would simply allow him to talk to other great figures like Homer and Odysseus and learn from their wisdom. Again he use this argument to reiterate his central idea, such as people think they know about death but they actually not, and people needs keep examining, questioning, until the end of their life. In the end, Socrates even wishing his enemy well; he feels that, if you are a good man, you have nothing to fear in the life or the afterlife. He does not begrudge or hate his accusers and merely wishes to teach others to place the human good over the materialism and that corrupting his peers. His last words are, â€Å"Well, now it is time to be off, I to die and you to live; but which of us has the happier prospect is unknown to anyone but God† (42a). After all Socrates is one of the best philosophers in the human history, unfortunate he is fail to enlightening the most people in his age, the method of his is full of satirize, harsh, and direct to the sensitive position of people’s mind, it may solve the â€Å"problem†, but come with huge consequence. However, he understood it, he knows what he have down, may someday bring him to the trial even death, the determination of him pursuing the goodness is unparalleled. Even many people thought his ideas is incomprehensible, and he said in the text that he is not a good citizen, still he is as good as a human being can be. After I read the Crito, his death sentence, to him, was the unfortunate but understandable result of living in a society that oversaw its peers. Despite his innocence, and the belief that the Athenian government was in desperate need of change, he still abided by its rules; he believed that one can change the system from within, but you must still adhere to the decisions that society makes. In conclusion, Socrates’ defense at the trial, portrayed in Plato’s Apology, was simply another platform by which he sustain his philosophies about the virtue of thinking, self-improvement, and acting as a part of a greater whole of civilization. He was punished and put to death for asking too many questions and corrupting the young, when in fact he was simply wishing to point out the ignorance of his peers (which he also shares). The principle of Socratic irony, wherein people are most philosophical when they admit they know nothing, was something that Socrates was trying to get other people to admit; despite their professed knowledge, they truly were ignorant, and so they were learning nothing by not reconciling this attitude. While the trial did not save his life, Socrates did not care – his intent was to show people the true meaning of living a human life, as well as demand greater examination of themselves.