Tuesday, September 15, 2020
Essay Writing Service At $7
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Essay Writing Service At $7
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Friday, September 11, 2020
Writing A History Essay
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Wednesday, September 2, 2020
Hire A Talented College Essay Writer At Bestessaytips Com
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Online Essay Writer
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The 10 Best Essay Writers Near Me
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Best Essay Writing Service
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Friday, August 28, 2020
âGuided Essay Writer On The App Store
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Wednesday, August 26, 2020
Essay
Essay They turn the esoteric into one thing any reader can perceive, making science accessible for all readers. Writing for web sites, magazines, and other publications, science writers typically position this news into a bigger historical context. Curriculum covers skill-based writing in policy growth, grant writing, white papers, and different forms of workplace writing. As skilled development applications, certificates include curriculum in a number of niche areas. These areas vary from fiction to feature film writing, tv writing to grant writing. The size of certificates applications differ, however usually require five to eight lessons to finish. Since you want the author to work based on specific instructions, youâll want to supply them within the order kind. The form is a bit detailed, since we need information on the deadline, type of paper, area of examine, matter, citation style, and extra. A-Writer is the one essay writer service that offers limitless revisions until full satisfaction. If the author delivers an essay that you donât like, our staff will provide amendments and gainedât cost for them. We have a versed supply that covers all papers assigned throughout high school, faculty, and university. Thereâs practically no project weâd battle with. You are given access to your essay writer on-line and are in a position to make direct contact. Our company was started by an award-profitable journalist who saw the need from students to have somebody deal with their annoying assignments for them. Letâs face it, faculty is a nuisance, so when you're calling out to the sky write my essay for me! Our method allows us to pair every scholar with essentially the most certified essay author for their explicit kind of project. In the nursing course, you could have troubles with critical essays, annotated bibliographies, literature reviews, and different assignments. Here you possibly can ask an essay helper to help you with any nursing paper. The strategy of ordering papers at our web site is simple and quick. Our service is a spot where students can find the price they can afford. Our pricing system will propose you varied rates on your order; all you need to do is pick the writer with the most attractive profile and most cost-effective price. Writing skill alone is not enough to make it as a professional author. Writers must have a well-rounded skillset to achieve success. Explore the skills required in at presentâs writing careers beneath. Science writers cover the field of science, writing about advancements and discoveries in areas similar to astrophysics, biotechnology, climate change, and genetics. Try our essay writer service and get a great low cost in your first order. Youâll maintain getting reductions as part of our loyalty program for all following orders you place. Although some writers are born with pure talent, most want formal coaching. Whether the goal is to turn into a broadcast creator or copywriter, discovering the best faculty and program of research is necessary. Use the search software under to explore completely different universities and writing degrees. The Authors Guild is knowledgeable organization for writers and literary agents that gives authorized help, legislative advocacy, and help with contracts. In at presentâs marketing panorama, writers ought to know the basics of HTML, CSS, and search engine marketing. This talent set allows them to create in-depth content focused on internet publication and performs nicely for an online audience. Writing is an iterative course of which will take quite a few drafts to finish. Beyond spelling and grammar, writers know tips on how to verify their work for accuracy, errors, correctness, and general high quality. It could also be quite disturbing to determine whether or not to hire an essay writing company. EssayShark cares about your privacy and confidentiality. Our service asks just for an e-mail for creating your private account and credit card info to make the payment. We guarantee that any private information that we receive from you'll not be disclosed to third parties. We know that college students are tight on finances, which is why we do all attainable to make the service inexpensive for any pocket. Our bidding system provides our prospects an opportunity to find the golden balance between the quality of the paper and price. Moreover, if you will take a look at our customer reviews, you will note that many of the college students are pleased with the standard of our service. This bigger context permits most of the people to be told in regards to the latest developments in science. This program is geared toward students excited about careers in modifying and writing in government, business or trade positions.
Essay
Essay They turn the esoteric into one thing any reader can perceive, making science accessible for all readers. Writing for web sites, magazines, and other publications, science writers typically position this news into a bigger historical context. Curriculum covers skill-based writing in policy growth, grant writing, white papers, and different forms of workplace writing. As skilled development applications, certificates include curriculum in a number of niche areas. These areas vary from fiction to feature film writing, tv writing to grant writing. The size of certificates applications differ, however usually require five to eight lessons to finish. Since you want the author to work based on specific instructions, youâll want to supply them within the order kind. The form is a bit detailed, since we need information on the deadline, type of paper, area of examine, matter, citation style, and extra. A-Writer is the one essay writer service that offers limitless revisions until full satisfaction. If the author delivers an essay that you donât like, our staff will provide amendments and gainedât cost for them. We have a versed supply that covers all papers assigned throughout high school, faculty, and university. Thereâs practically no project weâd battle with. You are given access to your essay writer on-line and are in a position to make direct contact. Our company was started by an award-profitable journalist who saw the need from students to have somebody deal with their annoying assignments for them. Letâs face it, faculty is a nuisance, so when you're calling out to the sky write my essay for me! Our method allows us to pair every scholar with essentially the most certified essay author for their explicit kind of project. In the nursing course, you could have troubles with critical essays, annotated bibliographies, literature reviews, and different assignments. Here you possibly can ask an essay helper to help you with any nursing paper. The strategy of ordering papers at our web site is simple and quick. Our service is a spot where students can find the price they can afford. Our pricing system will propose you varied rates on your order; all you need to do is pick the writer with the most attractive profile and most cost-effective price. Writing skill alone is not enough to make it as a professional author. Writers must have a well-rounded skillset to achieve success. Explore the skills required in at presentâs writing careers beneath. Science writers cover the field of science, writing about advancements and discoveries in areas similar to astrophysics, biotechnology, climate change, and genetics. Try our essay writer service and get a great low cost in your first order. Youâll maintain getting reductions as part of our loyalty program for all following orders you place. Although some writers are born with pure talent, most want formal coaching. Whether the goal is to turn into a broadcast creator or copywriter, discovering the best faculty and program of research is necessary. Use the search software under to explore completely different universities and writing degrees. The Authors Guild is knowledgeable organization for writers and literary agents that gives authorized help, legislative advocacy, and help with contracts. In at presentâs marketing panorama, writers ought to know the basics of HTML, CSS, and search engine marketing. This talent set allows them to create in-depth content focused on internet publication and performs nicely for an online audience. Writing is an iterative course of which will take quite a few drafts to finish. Beyond spelling and grammar, writers know tips on how to verify their work for accuracy, errors, correctness, and general high quality. It could also be quite disturbing to determine whether or not to hire an essay writing company. EssayShark cares about your privacy and confidentiality. Our service asks just for an e-mail for creating your private account and credit card info to make the payment. We guarantee that any private information that we receive from you'll not be disclosed to third parties. We know that college students are tight on finances, which is why we do all attainable to make the service inexpensive for any pocket. Our bidding system provides our prospects an opportunity to find the golden balance between the quality of the paper and price. Moreover, if you will take a look at our customer reviews, you will note that many of the college students are pleased with the standard of our service. This bigger context permits most of the people to be told in regards to the latest developments in science. This program is geared toward students excited about careers in modifying and writing in government, business or trade positions.
Saturday, August 1, 2020
Managing Side Effects of ADHD Medications
Managing Side Effects of ADHD Medications ADHD Treatment Print Managing Side Effects of ADHD Medications By Vincent Iannelli, MD facebook Vincent Iannelli, MD, is a board-certified pediatrician and fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Dr. Iannelli has cared for children for more than 20 years. Learn about our editorial policy Vincent Iannelli, MD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 11, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children NWphotoguy/Getty Images Children with ADHD can have a short attention span and may have problems being hyperactive and impulsive. That means that they may not do well at school, may have trouble making or keeping friends, and may even have problems at home and with after-school activities. Fortunately, treatments can help to control the symptoms of ADHD in most kids. These treatments typically include ADHD medications and behavioral therapy, whether it is formal behavioral therapy with a child psychologist or counselor, or just simple steps that parents and teachers learn to modify a childs behavior to help them get more organized, avoid distractions, and behave more appropriately. ADHD Medications ADHD medications have long been a core part of the treatment plans for many kids with ADHD. These ADHD medications now include: Short Acting Stimulants: Adderall, Dexedrine, Focalin, RitalinIntermediate Acting Stimulants: Dexedrine Spansule, Metadate ER, Ritalin SRLong-Acting Stimulants: Adderall XR, Concerta, Daytrana, Focalin XR, Metadate CD, Ritalin LA, VyvanseNonstimulants: Intuniv, Strattera That list makes it seem like there are a lot of different ADHD medications to choose from, especially if your child has side effects to one or more of the medications. Your choices quickly narrow when you understand that the stimulants are really just different forms and variants of just two types of ADHD medications -- methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamine-based medications: Methylphenidate (Ritalin) based ADHD medications: Concerta, Daytrana, Focalin and Focalin XR, Metadate CD and Metadate ER, Ritalin LA and Ritalin SRAmphetamine-based ADHD medications: Adderall and Adderall XR, Dexedrine and Dexedrine Spansule, Vyvanse Why so many ADHD medications if they are so similar? In some cases, these medications simply have different delivery methods that make them last longer. For example, Concerta is supposed to last 12 hours, while Ritalin SR typically only lasts about 8 hours, even though they both have methylphenidate as their active ingredient. In other cases, the way you take the medication is totally different, such as the Daytrana patch delivery system. Side Effects Although these ADHD medications help many kids manage their ADHD symptoms, some parents are still hesitant to start their child on a medicine like Ritalin or Adderall because they are worried about possible side effects. In some cases, those worries are justified. Stimulants used to treat ADHD are notorious for causing a decreased appetite, weight loss, insomnia, and headaches. Many of these side effects are temporary or can be easily managed by decreasing the medications dosage. Some parents are worried about the stigma of taking an ADHD medication, are concerned about controversies over Ritalin, or are worried that the medications will make their child angrier, more aggressive, or even too calm, like a zombie. Fortunately, these are not common side effects of ADHD medications, and if they do occur, your pediatrician would likely either stop the medication or lower the medications dosage. Other side effects that parents are often concerned about when starting their child on an ADHD medication can include: Tics - The worry over tics is likely because all stimulants list tics as a contraindication to their being prescribed. Many ADHD experts do not think that stimulants, such as Ritalin, actually cause or worsen tics though, and that ADHD and chronic tic disorders might simply occur together in some children.Sudden Death - Stimulants also carry a warning that they may cause sudden death in children with structural heart problems or other serious heart problems, such as cardiomyopathy or serious heart rhythm abnormalities. Remind your pediatrician about any known heart problems your child has before starting a stimulant to see if an EKG or alternative medication might be indicated.Suicide - Strattera has a warning about an increased risk for suicidal thoughts, which makes it important to monitor your child for changes in mood or behavior when starting or changing doses of Strattera. Minimizing Side Effects One of the best ways to minimize the side effects of an ADHD medication is to have realistic expectations for what you think the medication is going to do for your child. For example, if your child is so hyperactive and impulsive that he gets in trouble every day in school, it may be okay if he still gets in a little trouble for talking once every few weeks. Pediatricians, parents, and teachers sometimes get in trouble when they continue to push medication dosages to try and get total control of ADHD symptoms when the goal maybe should be to simply decrease disruptive behaviors, improve performance at school, and improve relationships with family and friends. Other tips to minimize side effects from ADHD medications: Start with a low, age-appropriate starting dose of the medication.Under the guidance of your pediatrician, increase the medication every one to three weeks until it seems to be working well or your child begins to have side effects.Consider a switch to a different type of ADHD medication if your child begins having too many side effects that arent helped by lowering the medication dosage. For example, if your child is taking an amphetamine-based ADHD medication, such as Vyvanse, then you would likely switch to a methylphenidate (Ritalin) based ADHD medication next.Ask your pediatrician if your child can take his dose of Strattera at bedtime if it is causing a lot of drowsiness.Consider a few extra healthy snacks and high-calorie foods if his main side effect is a decreased appetite and weight loss or trouble gaining weight.See your pediatrician for regular ADHD checkups, and at least every three to six months, to monitor your childs heart rate, blood pressure, and height and weight t o make sure he is growing well.Understand that you may not be able to control all of your childs ADHD symptoms with medication, especially if he is having side effects at high dosages. Simply decreasing the severity of the symptoms may have to be your goal, combined with behavioral therapy, and maybe even modifications at school.If your child isnt doing well after trying several ADHD medications and different dosages, instead of continuing to try higher dosages, which may increase the chance of side effects, consider that he may not actually have ADHD or he may have a coexisting disorder, such as depression or a learning disability.
Friday, May 22, 2020
Marriage Ancient China - 924 Words
In recent years, marriage has become not only a relationship with one man and one woman, but in America same sex couples and men who have multiples wives are able to wed as well. Indian and Japanese men and women are able to wed through an arrangement of both families. In ancient China, Chinese couples also had arranged marriages, but in modern times the tradition has faded. Although the way people get married is different a womanââ¬â¢s role in the marriage is similar culture to culture throughout ancient India, China, and Japan, divorce is a common practice in American now, but thousands of years ago there were still laws and criticisms among couples in Indian and Chinese Civilizations preventing such action, and life after a death of aâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Most of the women in the stories were young girls and the time of marriage was usually very short. The girl, Sun Yinxiao was seventeen and her marriage lasted less than a year. She, ââ¬Å"â⬠¦bound a wide gir dle round the beam to hang herself.â⬠(180) Huang Yujue was only fifteen and was only engaged to Chen Rujing when she took a knife to the throat. The amount of bravery shown by the Chinese women to kill themselves to have personal virtue is still questionable to the Chinese people. Marriage, divorce and death is shown and presented in different way in different cultures. Indian civilizations have the Laws of Manu to explain what roles women should perform and how divorces should be performed. Chinese cultures who have the Yin and Yang as a part of marriages not specific duties. Because of the bond, the ancient Chinese wives committed suicide after the death of their husbands. The Japanese are simple in what a womanââ¬â¢s role should be, simply loving and forgiving her husband after mistakes. Although different cultures have different ideas of marriage most husbands and wives still work hard to make it strong, healthy, andShow MoreRelatedWomen Of The Roman Empire102 2 Words à |à 5 PagesIn the Roman Empire, and in most ancient societies, the role and status of woman has been obscured by the bias of ancient male writers. Just as women are viewed in ancient Greece, and Imperial China, women in the Roman Empire were viewed as inferior to men. In the Roman Empire it was believed that women should be under the control of a guardian, which controls the aspects of her life. This guardian could be her father, husband, or a male relative (Nystrom). Marriage in the Roman Empire was not romanticRead MoreHomosexuality in China1749 Words à |à 7 PagesFreedom or Conservative ï ¼Å¸ ----Homosexual in China China was considered as a conservative society where do not get really open to sexual discussion. Even now, dating in high-school is considered too early and does not appropriate in China, which would cause problems in school if being found by teachers or parents. Meanwhile, Chinese attitude towards homosexual is more open than the West society. The night life for gay people are so various and at least among the young, we do not avoid talkingRead MoreThe Status Of Women : Ancient China1508 Words à |à 7 Pagescustoms that dominated in China in the past century, numerous topics appear. Thanks to the numerous written testimonies, we can almost reconstruct the life and experiences of people in ancient China. Of course, many of the practices described are not only interesting, but surprising. In this paper I am going to take a closer look at the status of women in ancient Chinese family. Relevance of the topic is that today the interest in the culture of Asian countries, including China grows and so does theRead MoreWomen During The Roman Empire921 Words à |à 4 PagesAside from ancient Greece and China, there has also been much diversity and contradictory evidence for women in the Roman Empire. On one hand, the cultural assumption was that women were inferior to men and they should obey their husbands or fathers. While, on the other hand, there is scattered evidence that women were engaged in commerce, heading of the household, and influencing politics. An approach to this second assumption was suggested that their participation by women in all these affairsRead MoreHow Chinese Culture Has Changed Over The Years1509 Words à |à 7 Pagesworld. One of the integral parts of Chinese culture that was not thoroughly discussed in class is the role Chinese women played in ancient traditional society and how it has transformed in the many historical changes is the way of life in china. I aim to speak on women in ancient times, women at the end of feudal society as well as the role of women in present day China. I chose this topic because I view women as the backbone to the development or a nation, therefore the Chinese woman is paramountRead MoreAncient Rome And Ancient China939 Words à |à 4 PagesAncient Rome and Ancient China were two different civilizations with very different yet very similar ways of life. Culture, religion, and more importantly, politics, helped make life the way it was for those who lived in ancient rome and ancient china. Politics were what made everything function, just as it does today. Politics is what was responsible for the wars that took place between civilizations, and why dynastyââ¬â¢s fell and why new ones rose right after. Politics were the backbone holding upRead MoreSummar of The Radical Idea of Marrying for Love, by Stephanie Coontz965 Words à |à 4 PagesENG 112-250 Summary Final Draft Love Actually Author Stephanie Coontz writes about the ideas of love and marriage through out history in the article ââ¬Å"The Radical Idea of Marrying for Love.â⬠Early in the article Coontz quotes an early twentieth century author by the name of George Bernard Shaw, who states, ââ¬Å"marriage is an institution that brings together two people under the influence of the most violent, most insane, most delusive, and most transient of passions. They are required to swear thatRead MoreConfucianism : Religion, Religions, Ideologies, And Philosophies1564 Words à |à 7 Pagesminds of the ancient people whom crafted these religions and follow them. There is many misconceptions of any religion which can create a bias against learning about the religion. By doing that you also do not learn about a culture Some religions and philosophies have stood the test of time. Many religions have died out but there are still a few which have survived and even thrived over thousands of years. One of the most well known smaller religions is Confucianism. Its ties to ancient Chinese governmentRead MoreThe Banning Of Movies On Lgbt, Religion, Laws, And History1532 Words à |à 7 Pageschurches are beginning to grow more accepting towards the LGBTQ community (Murphy). Indic religions, or Dharmic religions, such as Hinduism and Buddhism, do not express strong opinions on homosexuality. In fact, a third gender is mentioned in an ancient Hindu legal text called Manu Smriti. This excerpt explains the third gender as such: A male child is produced by a greater quantity of male seed, a female child by the prevalence of the female; if both are equal, a third-sex child or boy and girlRead MoreThe Radical Idea Of Marrying For Love923 Words à |à 4 Pages Love is rarely the motivating reason for marriage, and Stephanie Coontzââ¬â¢s article, ââ¬Å"The Radical Idea of Marrying for Love,â⬠discusses this. Coontz brings forth a lot of information and many examples to inform the reader of how the western idea of marriage isnââ¬â¢t really as common as we believe that it is. She starts her article with a quote from George Bernard Shaw, who says that people who marry for love are, ââ¬Å"under the influence of the most violent, most insane, most delusive, and most transient
Sunday, May 10, 2020
Inclusion Is it Effective at the Elementary Level Essays
Inclusion is where children classified as Intellectually Disabled (ID) are put into a regular classroom instead of a special education classroom. Previously called mental retardation, ID, as defined by the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY), is a term used to describe a child with certain limitations in mental functioning, and in skills such as communication, personal care, or social skills. (2011) These limitations will cause a child to develop more slowly than a typical child. These children are able to learn, but do so at a reduced rate. They usually take longer to grasp certain concepts, while other concepts may never be learned. This research will discuss inclusion practices in VISD elementaryâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This made way for the resource classroom where students were pulled out for content mastery, and were placed in the regular classroom for lunch, art, P.E. and recess. Then, in 1986, Madeleine Will, the assistant secretary of the U.S. Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services, recommended that greater efforts be made to educate children with mild or moderate disabilities in regular classrooms. Will felt that regular classroom teachers would not need to change their teaching methods drastically; accommodations or adaptations to the regular curriculum could reasonably be made. This provided the foundation for inclusion classrooms. Inclusion practices are supposed to support the ID student, including them as an important member of society, emphasizing their right to belong, no matter what disabilities or problems they have. Inclusionââ¬â¢s supporters believe that the values taught to students in an inclusive classroom are of vital importance in the education of all students. They insist that the acceptance and understanding of one another, even students with different abilities is one of the primary goals of education. While this is very admirable, it is normally not the case. Most ID children in an inclusion setting are either harassed, bulliedShow MoreRelatedQuantitative and Qualitative Research Questions and Hypothesis1050 Words à |à 5 Pagesthe student; however, planning is not as effective when general education teachers are not properly trained on or comfortable with the technology. Thousand and Villa (2000) in McLaren, Bausch, amp; Ault (2007), found that providing training for all teachers will r esult in improved academic and social outcomes for students with disabilities, plus their teachers will become empowered . The problem is the need for more collaborative training for inclusion teachers in an effort to effectively planRead MoreSan Bernardino City Unified School District858 Words à |à 4 Pagestowards life long goals is crucial. Carmack Elementary is one of fifty-two elementary schools within SBCUSD that only provides educational services to students with moderate to severe disabilities grades kindergarten through sixth. The community surrounding Carmack Elementary has been deemed high-poverty, indicating a vast majority of students who attend Carmack are presumed as low-income status. Lastly, a vast majority of students who attend Carmack Elementary qualify for the free and reduced meal programRead MoreI Work / Volunteer As A Full Time Substitute Art Teacher Essay1068 Words à |à 5 PagesBackground: Currently, I work/volunteer as a full time substitute art teacher in the elementary wing within the Crested Butte Community School teaching art to over 300 students each week until January 1, 2017. I have been in the temporary role since the beginning of October of this year. The focus of the essay will examine the elementary school principal as my immediate supervisor. The principal for the elementary is a newly added position to meet the demands of population growth in the Crested ButteRead MoreA Comparative Study Of Classroom Teachers Perceptions Towards Inclusion944 Words à |à 4 Pagesstudy of classroom teachersââ¬â¢ perceptions towards inclusion. by K.H. Pritchard (2014). Summary of Article: Literature review The basis of this article is to evaluate the characteristics that impact teacherââ¬â¢s perceptions of inclusion in the classroom. There is a general consensus that the single most important predictor of successful inclusion is the attitude of the general education teacher (Golmic Hansen, 2012). The study surveyed both elementary and secondary teachers to determine if there wasRead MoreWhat Are The Pros And Cons Of Inclusion? Essay1720 Words à |à 7 PagesWhat are the Pros and Cons of Inclusion? The first benefit of inclusion is that it resulted in greater communication skills, greater social competence, and greater developmental skills for special education students who have been part of inclusive settings (Bennet, Deluca, Bruns, 1997). The second benefit of inclusion is that disabled students make more friends in general education settings and interact with their student peers at much higher level (Fryxell Kennedy, 1995). The thirdRead MoreChildren Act ( Eahca ) Essay1416 Words à |à 6 Pageshave been policy shifts with regard to the treatment of children with vision or seeing impairments going from full inclusion to lessening services, specialized services, special school placements, an expanded core curriculum. In the past 25 years IDEA has ensured that students with disabilities received full services. At the center of these findings, educators who are critical of inclusion argued that placing special education students in the general education classroom ma y not be beneficial. TeachersRead MoreChapter Iii:. Methods. Introduction. Chapter Two Discussed1701 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe media framework is one way to keep the curriculum relevant and engaging. This chapter outlines three projects that show how integrating 21st century skills in the elementary media framework can create authentic and meaningful learning experiences. Project one is the creation of a scope and sequence for the use of an elementary media specialist teaching grades kindergarten through fifth. Project two is the culmination of 24 step- by- step lessons that integrate with the scope and sequence. LastlyRead MoreNew Styles of Instruction Essay1304 Words à |à 6 Pagesemerging in K-12 classrooms? A current trend in education appears to be the integration of technology for instructional purposes. One such technological advancement is the inclusion of the iPod Touch in the classroom. This technology hosts a vast array of applications in diverse subject areas that can be used across grade levels. There are many ways in which the iPod Touch can be integrated to customize the learning experience for all (Banister, 2010). Laptop computers are also being used moreRead MoreInclusion is Not a One Size Fits All Solution1697 Words à |à 7 Pagesas mainstreaming or integration. Inclusion is ââ¬Å"the act or practice of including students with disabilities in regular school classesâ⬠as defined in Websters dictionary (Webster, 2003). Ro Vargo was fortunate enough to have parents who closely monitored the learning environment and advocated for their daughter. They followed her education each step of the way. She continued to build on positive responses and outcomes during her educational experiences of inclusion to build her resiliency and reduceRead MoreElementary School Reflection890 Words à |à 4 PagesSTUDY OF A HIGHLY EFFECTIVE, INCLUSIVE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL Journal Reflection 1 Reflection of: A case study of a highly effective, inclusive elementary school. Connell Reddick Jr. Augusta University Summary: A case study of a highly effective, inclusive elementary school The study conducted at Creekside Elementary School (CES) in Florida was aimed to investigate the contributing factors which led to the success of their highly effective inclusive elementary school classrooms
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Judgement in ââ¬ÅSonnyââ¬â¢s Bluesââ¬Â and ââ¬ÅCathredral Free Essays
The short story ââ¬Å"Sonnyââ¬â¢s Bluesâ⬠written By James Baldwin is a story of two brothers who come to understand each other. The story begins and takes place in Harlem, New York City, where the narrator, whose name isnââ¬â¢t mentioned at all in the literature, is a teacher at a local high school, as he is on his way to work then reads on a newspaper that his younger brother, Sonny, who he hasnââ¬â¢t seen or spoke to in a while, has been arrested for possession and use of heroin. Throughout the story, he depicts Sonny as this troubled some young man, who never had any sense of direction towards what he wanted to do with his life or what he wanted to become. We will write a custom essay sample on Judgement in ââ¬Å"Sonnyââ¬â¢s Bluesâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Cathredral or any similar topic only for you Order Now He viewed him as a product of the system, because as children growing up; Harlem, was basically a dark whole, full of malice, drugs, and corruption. After his short stint in jail, the narrator then welcomes his younger brother to stay with him and his wife for the time being. While Sonnyââ¬â¢s stay at his older brotherââ¬â¢s house, he then explains to him his constant struggles in life and why everything was so different for him as he was growing up. He tells him that no one ever really listened to what he wanted to pursue in life, and how he wanted to be this Jazz musician, but everyone just believed it was a phase. The narrator still didnââ¬â¢t really understand where Sonny was coming from. Until Sonny, one night invited him over to a local jazz bar, where everyone knows and respects him, to go watch him and his buddies play some music. It is then, as Sonny and the band is on stage, he begins to watch his younger brother struggle with the music. He watches his entire brotherââ¬â¢s struggles come pouring out as he plays, and then he finally realizes who Sonny is and what heââ¬â¢s made of. In the short story, ââ¬Å"Cathedralâ⬠written by Raymond Carver, similar to ââ¬Å"Sonnyââ¬â¢s Bluesâ⬠the narrator of the storyââ¬â¢s name isnââ¬â¢t given. The setting takes place in Connecticut, where the death of a blind manââ¬â¢s wife, gets him to visit an old employee of his. The narrator who is the husband of the woman who use to work for the blind man, isnââ¬â¢t fond of him staying at their house. As the story moves along, the reader can see how the husband is ignorant, in the fact that he frequently keeps stating to himself how he doesnââ¬â¢t understand how someone can fall in love with a person who is blind, until after eating supper and his wife went off upstairs to get dressed. They both sit in the living room, and the husband invites Robert to smoke a joint. While flicking through channels, they finally leave something, they are willing to bare. Itââ¬â¢s a show on different types of cathedrals around the world. The husband then asks Robert, if he has any idea or imagination of what an actual cathedral looks like. Robert says no, and he wants the husband to explain. The narrator has a life-changing moment, while trying to tell Robert what a cathedral looks like. The narrator, as he first trying to explain what the cathedral looks like, struggles for the words. However, upon Robertââ¬â¢s encouragement, the narrator loosens up, when the blind man asks him to go grab a piece of paper and pen so they can both draw this cathedral together. This is a close personal connection and intimate moment of communication for the narrator, and it impacts him greatly. The narrator is able to connect with Robert, and this is the moment where the narrator can put aside his insecurities and actually interact with someone else. People always have different views on different people, places or things. In my opinion I believe everyone should be open to meeting new people, giving people chances, or even be more open minded to different situations, because you can learn a lot from something or somebody else. For example the understanding of the older brother towards Sonnyââ¬â¢s struggles in ââ¬Å"Sonnyââ¬â¢s Bluesâ⬠and the connection the narrator in ââ¬Å"Cathedralâ⬠had with the blind man. How to cite Judgement in ââ¬Å"Sonnyââ¬â¢s Bluesâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Cathredral, Papers
Wednesday, April 29, 2020
Pepsi Cola Competitor Analysis
Introduction Competitor Analysis is an integral part of corporate and market planning process and involves the assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of actual and potential business rivals (Murray, 2006). An analysis of competitors helps organizations to identify current gaps in satisfaction of customers as well as the potential threats posed by these competitors; it is therefore an important tool for organizations to acquire and sustain competitive advantage.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi Cola Competitor Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Competitor analysis does not limit itself to Companies often operating in the same market which targets customers with similar products but is wider and seeks to involve all those Companies that target the market segment in which the particular Company is interested in. The identification of both direct and indirect competitors is more effective than narrow definition of competitors that directly compete with a organization as commonly happens when undertaking competitor analysis. Definition of Industry This is the first place to start when undertaking the process of competitor analysis because one requires a broad definition of the industry the company operates in. The industry that Pepsi operates in is the non-alcoholic beverage industry that a consumer takes with at least one of the following objective; to quench thirst, for refreshment, for enjoyment or for health purposes. These drinks include bottled water, carbonated drinks, canned drinks, fruit juices drinks, mineral water and milk products among others which would imply that any Company that is involves in production of any of these products or related products is actually a Competitor to Pepsi Company. Competitors The most significant competitors for Pepsi Company are Coca-Cola and Dr Pepper Snapple; there are other smaller competitors but which are insignificant compared to these two global competitors (Pepsi.com, 2011). But coca-cola is the most important competitor amongst all because of its huge asset base, suppliers and distributors networks, product portfolio, innovativeness and global product popularity that is very similar to that of Pepsi. In fact the global soft drink industry is defined by the activities of these two multinationals. Market Segment and Success Factors The market can be defined as any person who needs a pleasant tasting non-alcoholic refreshment to quench his or her thirst. The refreshment should not have adverse side effect or cause medical or health conditions. The key success factors in the beverage industry are innovation, flavor, market size, customer loyalty and price among others (Murray, 2006). This means that Companies must keep on recognizing needs and adjusting themselves to meet those needs (Murray, 2006). New flavors are continually being developed and are essential for promoting market penetration. Another factor is the size of the organization and its ability to operate efficiently; a large market size enables the firm to take advantage of economies of scale while at the same time guaranteeing global reach.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Brand loyalty has been identified as a key factor in this industry as consumers tend to be fiercely loyal. Price is another important factor in this market; the price must be competitive and must relate to the perceived benefits. Presentation is also important in this sector and packaging, advertising and corporate image is always kept polished. Finally, there is convenience which is an important factor as it ensures that the product has to be present in as many places as possible. Main Competitor Analysis Coca Cola Coca Cola was founded in1892 and it is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia in the USA and is a global company; its current CEO and chair person is Muktar Kent (Coca-cola.com, 2011). Its products include its main brand Coca-Cola other carbonated sodas and soft drinks, bottled water, packed juices and amongst others (Coca-cola.com, 2011). The Companyââ¬â¢s revenue for 2010 was estimated at about 35 billion and has a total asset base that exceeds 70 billion dollars (Coca-cola.com, 2011). The company operates in more those 200 countries where it sells over 400 products with Coca-cola being the leading brand in the world (Coca-cola.com, 2011). It is the dominant player in the soft drink industry with its products coke and diet coke occupying the first two positions (Coca-cola.com, 2011) ahead of its rival Pepsi who had once claimed first position for many years. Coca-Colaââ¬â¢s major products include Fanta, Sprite, Minute Maid, Powerade, Nestea, Fruitopre, Dasani water amongst others and these products closely match with those of Pepsis products (Coca-cola.com, 2011). References Coca-cola.com. (2011). Soft Drinks B everage Products. Retrieved from https://www.coca-cola.com/ Murray, B. (2006). Carbonated Water, Hoovers. Web. Pepsi.com. (2011). Pepsi. Retrieved from https://www.pepsi.com/en-us/Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi Cola Competitor Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Pepsi Cola Competitor Analysis was written and submitted by user Enzo O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Friday, March 20, 2020
Macbeth is a tragic hero essays
Macbeth is a tragic hero essays The purpose of Greek tragedies was to teach people to be good citizens. This was done through the tragic hero. Macbeth fits the mold of a tragic hero because he is an extraordinary man, he has a tragic flaw, and he ends up regretting his actions. The first characteristic of a tragic hero is that they are an extraordinary man. In the beginning of the story Macbeth is shown to be a great warrior. He is so great that he receives praise from the King and is given the title of Thane of Cawdor. Not just anyone can go out into battle and come out victorious. Macbeth not only comes out victorious but he fights so well that he receives praise for it. This shows that Macbeth is an extraordinary man. The possession of a tragic flaw is another characteristic of a tragic hero. Macbeth starts out with the title of Thane of Glamis. Through his bravery in battle he is given the title of Thane of Cawdor. After Macbeth hears the prophecy that he will become king he will do anything to achieve it. Macbeths hunger for power show his ambition, which turns out to be his tragic flaw. Regret is the inevitable result of a tragic heros journey. As Macbeth sits in his castle awaiting the advancing rebel army he thinks about his situation. He says that he should be honored, loved and obeyed in his old age. Instead, he isnt respected or loved. He feels that after everything he went through he isnt in any better of o situation for it. Macbeth realizes his regret. In all Greek tragedies there is a tragic hero. Macbeth fits the mold of a tragic hero because he is an extraordinary man, he has a tragic flaw, and he ends up regretting his actions. Macbeth is used to teach people to control their ambition. ...
Wednesday, March 4, 2020
How to Be a Pro at Your First Job After Graduating College
How to Be a Pro at Your First Job After Graduating College Congrats! Youââ¬â¢ve snagged a job and are on the way to building your professional life. There are five things you need to know to be your best self in the workplace. Deal with your bossDo nothing but impress. If your boss asks you for something, accept the challenge and deliver the finished product without complications. Unless youââ¬â¢re really stumped or confused by her instructions, find a way to get it done quickly, correctly, and well. Ask questions. Make sure you know exactly what is required from you and then do that, plus a little more. When possible, donââ¬â¢t show anybody how the sausage is made. And never make your boss or coworkers look stupid in front of others.CommunicateYouââ¬â¢re not in college anymore. The jokes you and your friends thought were funny in college probably arenââ¬â¢t. When in doubt, act more mature than you have ever felt. Donââ¬â¢t gossip in the hallways, donââ¬â¢t write emails angry, figure out how to express yourself professio nally and concisely- when to write an email vs. pick up the phone vs. swing by someoneââ¬â¢s cubicle. Learn to listen. Donââ¬â¢t blather on in meetings. Donââ¬â¢t ever check your phone in the middle of a conversation; itââ¬â¢s just rude. Be unimpeachable. Your future reputation thanks you.Deal with your coworkers in a courteous mannerBe nice. Donââ¬â¢t say anything inflammatory or insensitive. Try and appreciate perspectives and experiences that are not your own- who knows, you may learn something. Pick up a few troubleshooting skills to ingratiate yourself; if youââ¬â¢re the only Excel wizard on your team, chances are youââ¬â¢ll be called in to pinch hit often, and thanked profusely! Drink less than you would by half at every work function. (Youââ¬â¢re welcome.)Dressà like a proBe neat, but not ostentatious. Donââ¬â¢t overdress, and definitely donââ¬â¢t underdress. Present yourself professionally and without flash. Invest in a few quality pieces: nic e shoes, a decent bag, clothes that fit your body type and donââ¬â¢t look sloppy. Keep your haircut neat. And beyond that, donââ¬â¢t stress too much. Let your work speak for you.à Evolve and excelYouââ¬â¢ve worked hard already. Thatââ¬â¢s how you got where you are. Now you just have to transition from the all-nighters and the energy drinks to the office life. Stay steady, find a project you can sink your teeth into, and keep your head down. When you make mistakes- and you will- rectify them quickly and learn from them.
Monday, February 17, 2020
Computer Forensics Suites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Computer Forensics Suites - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that Online Digital forensics Suite assists administrators and investigators in collecting a wide variable data from the suspected machines. This tool does not require the installation of an agent on the targeted machine. Online Digital Forensics Suite enables rapid and sound examination of the targeted computer without disrupting the current operations of given premises. It offers an extensive functional framework for the investigators and captures volatile and consistent data from the target under examination. The suite saves time in a collection of data, therefore, enabling a fast and reliable response to an intrusion or criminal act. Handling of the suite is very simplified. It does necessarily need technical training. The suite enables a visual display of images and an automatic storing of data needed to form the targeted computer. No software is needed to be preloaded on the target. This makes it cheap to implement and use. Additionally , the tool uses power sparingly as compared to the available suites. Online Digital Forensic Suite is basically browser based. The browser-based interface enables the conducting investigator to connect to Online Digital Forensic Suite and manage investigation from any given location. This is enabled by the use of a wide variety of browsers and Organizing System platforms. The connection is protected by https and all information or data sent crosswise is encrypted. Data analysis with the suite is forensically sound. It employs best and accepted practices that preserve the integrity and validity of evidence.
Monday, February 3, 2020
Group therapy orination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
Group therapy orination - Essay Example The American military in World War II also used group methods to treat large numbers of psychiatric causalities. Behavioral theory or behavior modification is the treatment of human behavioral disorders through reinforcement of the desired behaviors and suppression of undesirable behavior. This therapy has its roots with Pavlov but became a developed technique in the United States by B. F. Skinner. He used positive or negative re-enforcers to encourage desirable behavior and punishments to deter undesirable behavior. Originally, behavioral therapy groups worked with anger management and addiction (Ockrnik 2003). One of the specific types of Behavioral group therapy that came out in the 1960s was originally written by Marsha Linehan. This may be the most well known kind of behavioral therapy today. Originally, she developed a program, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), for patients diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder. In the beginning, it appeared to be quite effective and it was adapted to many other type of diagnosis. This writer will look at how effective this therapy turned out to be over the long term as well as the effectiveness of several other new innovations in group therapy. Behavior therapy in groups can be recognized by its emphasis on specifying problems and goals in concrete behavioral terms and in using principles of learning to facilitate behavioral change. Since it is generally assumed that therapy is a learning process, then there are some advantages in group therapy. Much of our learning comes through imitation also there are others to imitate. It is also known that learning takes place more quickly when the individual has something in common with the people around him/her. A group of peers would then be ideal for that purpose. Also adaptive behavior is strengthened when reinforced by peers. Finally, the stimulus situation is closer to natural social
Sunday, January 26, 2020
How Is Virtue Ethics Different Philosophy Essay
How Is Virtue Ethics Different Philosophy Essay Recently there has been a revival in virtue ethics due to some philosophers like G. E. M Anscombe. In 1958, she suggested that modern moral philosophy is misguided, and therefore we should top thinking about obligation, duty and rightness and let virtue ethics take centre stage. (Rachels, 1999, p. 177a) Since the re-awakening of the theory of virtue ethics, it has been seen as being a rival with other moral theories such as, Kantianism (also known as duty ethics) and Utilitarianism (also known as consequentialist theory). The reason for comparisons is not farfetched the revival of virtue ethics has been perceived by some as a theory that is meant to take the place of the other two theories, however, this is proving to be very difficult since virtue ethics has also been found wanting on some grounds as well. The most significant difference between all three theories seems to me to be the centralised question they ask, which is the basis for each moral theory. Utilitarianism is a theory about actions and consequences, and all it asks is this: which action will produce the best possible outcome? Kantian on the other hand deals with rules and obligations, and asks this: what is the right thing to do? Virtue ethics on the other hand is fundamentally about character of the moral agent and asks the question: what is the right character to have? But it is not just limited to character, if not it would tag virtue ethics as character ethics. It is also about human flourishing. An intriguing aspect in the revival of virtue ethics is the fact that some deontologists and utilitarians have recognized its importance and have therefore added it to their own theories. For example, the revived interest in Kants Doctrine of Virtue (Hursthouse, 1999, p.3a) However, virtue ethics has not come this far without criticism; the list of criticisms is numerous. Amongst others the most popular is that virtue ethics does not give appropriate guidance. I shall start by defining virtue ethics and moving on to analyse the concepts surrounding it. Thereafter I will attempt to distinguish between it and other moral theories i.e. utilitarianism and Kantianism. Furthermore, I will talk about issues in global ethics and how virtue ethics may be applied to them, and finally, address the question on if there are any difficulties in doing so. What is Virtue Ethics? For a long time two methods of understanding morality have been taken up by two moral approaches which are Kantianism and Utilitarianism. Kantianism which is also known as deontology is a result of the work of the German Philosopher, Immanuel Kant which is concerned with ideals of universal law and respect for others; Utilitarianism, also known as consequentialism is known to maximise end results. However, recently, there has been a revival in virtue ethics, a theory which focuses on moral agents and virtuous character finds its roots in the ancient Greek philosophy, and has been neglected over the past years since the likes of Aristotle, Socrates, and Plato talked about it. (Baron et al, 1997, p.3) Virtue ethics is an approach to ethics which focuses on character and virtues and has its roots in Aristotle. The two most distinct features of virtue ethics are; it is agent centred, and makes use of areteic terms. According to Rosalind Hursthouse, it has been described as: an ethics which is agent centred, rather than act centred, and as concerned with being rather than doing, as addressing itself to the question, what sort of person should I be? rather than to the question what sorts of action should I do?; as taking certain areteic concepts (good, excellence, virtue) as basic than deontic ones (right, duty, obligation) (1999, p. 25) Other features are numerated by Oakley and Cocking as follows; firstly an action is right if and only if it is what an agent with a virtuous character would do in the circumstances (2001, p.129). Another feature is that goodness is prior to rightness. Virtue ethics claims that we need an account of human good before we can determine what the right action to take is; which makes virtue ethics a teleological rather than a deontological ethical theory. (Oakley, Cocking, 2001, p.19) Furthermore, virtues are seen as irreducibly plural intrinsic goods i.e. they are valuable for their own sake rather than as a means to promoting some other value. Virtues are also objectively good in the sense that is they can add value to a life (Oakley, Cocking, 2001, p.21). For example the virtue of kindness is in itself good independently Also, some goods such as friendship are agent-relative while others are agent neutral (Oakley, Cocking, 2001, p.23), and finally acting rightly does not require that we maximise the good. From the above description, it is easy to see the basic idea that virtue ethics promotes. It emphasizes on the moral agent; that is the character of a human; how the person acts, how the person behaves, how the person thinks, and the whole entirety of this person. For example, it focuses on who I am as a person, not on the things I do. It draws attention to the way I reason which in turns influences the way I behave. If I think about evil things long enough, I will eventually perpetuate such acts. If I have an ill will towards my neighbours and wish them dead, sooner or later, I will begin to act in an ill manner towards my neighbour. Virtue ethics focus on being the right person, and the train of thought follows that if I am a good person, I will do good things; if I am a bad person, it will be difficult and almost impossible to do right things because of the kind of personality and being that I am, It motivates people to work on their character, so that they can know the right action to follow. Hence, virtue ethics asks the question; what kind of person should I be? However, it will be difficult to know the kind of person one should be without knowing what the ideal person should be like. If you are a certain way, you would act a certain way. If you are greedy, you would steal, as a consequence of your greed (that is if you cannot meet your insatiable needs). So what is the kind of person we should be? According to virtue ethics, what kind of person we should be is a result of the virtues we possess because virtues play key roles in our lives. How then can we know these virtues, in other words, what is virtue? How can we differentiate virtues from vices? And why is it good to possess these virtues? Also, do these virtues apply to everyone? (Rachels, 1999, p.185) In answering the first question; what is virtue? Edmund L. Pincoffs, a philosopher who taught at the University of Texas suggested that: virtues and vices are qualities that we refer to in deciding whether someone is to be sought or avoided and that virtue as a trait of character is manifested in habitual action which is good for a person to have (Pincoffs cited in Rachels 1999, p.178). The above definition begs the question of what virtues are, and what kind of characters constitutes a virtue? There seem to be no definite answer for this question, however, there are list of traits which can be classified as being virtues. This is by no means a comprehensive list of virtues but just a summary of lists that are seen as basic virtues. They include; honesty, kindness, courage, generosity, loyalty, discipline, courteousness, fairness, friendliness, compassion, confidence, tolerance etc. In as much as there are categories of virtues, there are classifications of vices as well, some of which are; selfishness, laziness, arrogance, greed, jealousy, anger etc. (Rachels, 1999, p.178) There is a slight controversy on the question on if these virtues apply to everyone or not; some theorists believe that there are basic intrinsic virtues that all human beings should strive to acquire no matter what society or generation or way of life they have as opposed to different people having different classes of virtues. For example, instead of only soldiers possessing courage, all humans should possess that character. Aristotles view supported the above statement, he believed that one may observe in ones travels to distant countries the feelings of recognition and affiliation that link every human being to every other being (Aristotle cited in Rachels, 1999, p.186) However, this belief seems to be lacking credence because people and societies are different and what may be seen as virtuous in one society may not be the same in another; People who live in a particular society have live their lives according to the norm of that particular society. What was believed as virtuous hundreds of years ago may not be virtuous in these contemporary times. For example, if it was seen as virtuous for a woman to be married as a virgin in the ancient times, that may not be applicable now because of the change in our times, yet the fact that a woman does not get married as a virgin in these times does not connote that she is not virtuous. Virtues are good but why are they important for one to develop the virtues instead of vices and why is it necessary? Wallace states that: certain virtues play different roles and functions in a human life, some factors in many different ways contribute systematically to human good and virtues in specifiable ways so contribute as a part of such a system (1978, p.15). Also, Rachels says it depends on the specific virtue being talked about. Therefore we can say: generosity is desirable because some people will inevitable be worse off than others and will need help. Honesty is needed because without it relations between people would go wrong in myriad ways. Courage is a good thing because life is full of dangers and without courage we would be unable to cope with them (1999, p.184) We cannot give all the reasons why every virtue is important but we can analyse the above statement and see that they are important in their own way. Aristotle answered that the reason why being virtuous was important was because the virtuous person will be better off in life, not necessarily richer, and it is needed to conduct our lives well (Aristotle cited in Rachels, 1999, p. 185). Virtue Ethics and Utilitarianism The essence of utilitarianism is in getting the best possible outcome in any given circumstance; Utilitarianism believes in the greater good or maximising outcomes. How can an outcome be defined as good? How can it be characterised as producing the most happiness? If a gang of robbers go into a house and rob Billy of all his possessions, is it okay? Since it will give the robbers greater joy to rob poor Billy as opposed to the aggregate of the happiness Billy will get from not being robbed. For utilitarians, the end always justifies the means, and it does not matter if greater satisfaction is as a result of lying or cheating someone, as long as it satisfies more people. As Mill stated: the utilitarian doctrine is that happiness is desirable and, the only thing desirable as an end; all other things being desirable as means to that end (Mills cited in Rachels, 1999, p.108) Virtue ethics believes that if a person is good, their actions will be good as well, so instead of focusing on the outcomes one should focus on having the right character. Virtue ethics makes character essential to right action at least in the sense that its criterion of rightness contains an essential reference to the character of a virtuous agent, and this distinguishes it from utilitarianism which evaluate an act according to the consequence that it actually results in (Oakley, Cocking, 2001, p.11) Utilitarianism can be associated with some ideas which distinguish it from other theories. Utilitarian theories are welfarist, consequentialist, aggregative, maximising and Universalist (Scarre 1996, p.4). An action is okay if the greatest satisfaction is achieved. You count the consequences for human happiness of one or another course, and you go with the one with the highest favourable total (Taylor cited in Scarre, p.1) The major distinction between virtue ethics and utilitarianism is this; while virtue ethics is agent based, utilitarianism is agent neutral. For virtue ethics, Hursthouse states: It is agent centred in that it introduces the concept of the virtuous agent in its account of right action, where utilitarianism and Kantianism introduce the concept of consequences and moral rule respectively (1999, p.29). This is different for utilitarianism. Slote says: consequentialism is agent-neutral, ones obligations to oneself are no weaker or stronger than those to any other single person (1997, p.191) Scarre distinguishes utilitarianism further: It is clear that utilitarianism is a theory of moral justification, concerned to lay down conditions of right and wrong actions but should also be seen as a theory of moral deliberation, aiming to inform us how to decide which actions to perform and which to avoid (1996, p. 13) In addition, virtue ethics is also seen as being pluralistic, in as much as it insists upon the richness and complexity of the ethical while utilitarianism treats all values as ultimately commeasurable and of a single kind (Baron et al, p.201) Virtue Ethics and Kantian Ethics Kantian ethics which is another moral approach to morality that differs from virtue ethics, and can also be known as duty based ethics or deontology. It is a theory that focuses on rules not consequences like utilitarianism or character like virtue ethics. An action is either right or wrong not because of the consequences it produces, or the person in action, but because the act in itself is wrong. Kants ethics lays moral rules down that must be adhered to, for instance, do not lie, do not steal, and do not commit adultery. Kants ethics also follow that a person should do the right thing irrespective of the consequences that follow. For instance, if I had to tell a lie to save my life, it would go against Kantian doctrine. Immanuel Kant, believed that morality is a matter of following absolute rules rules that admit no exceptions, that must be followed come what may (Rachels, 1997, p.122). And according to the Kantian tradition, morality is based on a universal and impartial law of rationality (Crisp, Slote, 1997, p.1). The first point of differentiation is that while virtue ethics emphasize that persons rather than actions should be the primary focus of ethics and should address itself to the question, what sort of person should I be? rather than to the question what sorts of action should I do?(Baron, 1997, p.34). Kantian ethics is believed to focus more on rightness of an action than about virtuous character based on its principle of the Categorical Imperative which is the basis of all other rules. This principle aims to provide the right guidance on actions that are morally permissible. Wood writes: a moral imperative is categorical because its function is not to advice us how to reach some prior end of ours that is based on what we happen to want but to command us how to act irrespective of our wants or our contingent ends (2008, p.67) Another distinction between Kantian ethics and virtue ethics is their different understanding of the nature of character and that of a virtuous person. Baron states: many virtue ethicist have as their model of the virtuous person someone whose dispositions and temperaments are ideal; someone for whom acting virtuously is a second nature, and whose desires, tastes, likes, and dislikes, interests and manner just naturally are those of a virtuous personfor Kantians, being virtuous involves more conflict between ones desires and what one sees one should do; less automatic responses and more reflection (Baron et al, 1997, p.40). Also, unlike virtue ethicist, Kantians are believed to act out of duty and obligation. Baron states that virtue ethicist favour areteic terms (good, bad, virtuous, vicious) over deontic terms (right, wrong, duty, obligation) (Baron et al, 1997, p.34). Furthermore, another distinction has to do with motivation; a virtuous person does not act from duty rather he/she is motivated because they have desires that virtuous people have. The virtuous person has virtuous desires, and a right action is one that issues from virtuous desires (Baron et al, 1997, p.34). Virtue Ethics and Corruption Corruption is a global ethical problem in the sense that corruption is multicultural and is found in every strata of a society and every race. It can also be distinguished into different degrees which can be either minor or major forms of corruption, but no matter the distinguishing of varying degrees, no one is better off than the other. Corruption is corruption and should not be condoned. No one can claim ignorance to it since it is something that can be found in different levels and at varying degrees. Elliott writes: It occurs in democracies and military dictatorships, and at all levels of development and in all types of economic systems, from open capitalist economies such as that of the United States to centrally planned economies such as the former Soviet Unions (1997, p.1). Corruption has globalised in the past few years and has emerged as a global issue. Corruption does not have a singular universal definition but several authors have come up with different definitions that will sum up the concept of corruption. Several scholars have sought to define it but corruption is not a concept that can be confined to one simple definition because different people and offices define it differently, as it relates to them. Corruption can be defined by public opinion, as well as official law of nations and also as it affects the general public. Therefore there are different definitions of corruption. However, I will prefer to focus on public corruption, which is corruption by public officials. Public corruption is defined by Neild as: the breaking by public persons, for the sake of private financial or political gain, of the rules of conduct in public affairs prevailing in a society in the period under consideration (2002, p.5). Features of corruption can include c ronyism, bribery, fraud, nepotism, embezzlement, favouritism, trafficking. There have been a lot of suggestions and ways on how to tackle corruption; different organisations such as the OECD, Transparency International (TI), and European Union have initiated a lot anti-corruption reforms such as taxation, development aid, andà governance, however, it has not been as effective as it ought to be. This is where the need for the application of virtue ethics emerges. I believe that virtue ethics once combined with other anti corruption initiatives will effectively reduce the rate of corruption because virtue ethics is the only moral theory that encourages individuals to develop positive character traits, and if people do have good character they will not be involved in vices such as corruption, and although moral practices differ globally, there are still some character traits that are consistent and valued globally. For instance, virtues such as respect, courteousness or friendliness are universal. In Africa for example, it is a sign of respect for one to greet elders by kneeling down before them, while in South East Asia, it is by bowing. Both are respectful acts and although both acts differ because of their custom, their actions are a representation of the same values. This goes to exemplify how universal the virtue of respect is. So now that we have laid down the ground work of what virtue ethics is and what core virtues really are, we can suggest that virtue ethics can combat corruption alongside other anti corruption policies. Khan suggested: reducing the discretion of public officials through liberalization and privatization, Improving salaries of public officials, thereby addressing their low living standards in many cases, but also increasing the opportunity cost of corruption since they stand to lose their positions if detected, improving the rule of law so that corrupt bureaucrats and politicians can be prosecuted and punished, and encouraging greater transparency of government decision-making through deepening democratization, decentralization and the creation and encouragement of civil society watchdogs (http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/gdsmdpbg2420064_en.pdf). Since corruption is an abnormally in the morality of a society, moral reasoning is also needed to treat this issue. Dramer suggested: an ongoing ethics programme containing two main parts: a character development part aimed at developing dispositions, attitudes, habits or virtues such as honesty, loyalty, fairness, benevolence, conscientiousness and more, and a reasoning ability part aimed at (1) sensitising public servants to moral problems, (2) improving their analytical skills, and (3) developing their ethical imaginativeness (http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/40/15/2093526.pdf). Other forms of combating corruption seem to be about coercion and enforcement, but virtue ethics is a non-coercive method because it encourages individuals to develop morally acceptable ethical behaviour, which consequently will promote integrity. There seems to be no hitch in applying virtue ethics to this global ethical problem. Virtue Ethics and Euthanasia Another problem in global ethics is the issue of Euthanasia also known as mercy killing. Euthanasia is the act of ending someones life, especially someone who is sick or terminally ill to end their pain and suffering, thus when we define euthanasia, it should be as: death understood as a good or happy event for the one who dies (Foot, 1979, p.15). Euthanasia can be justified only if the person involved is undergoing so much pain that even drugs do not relieve him or her and if the prognosis of their health is declining. Euthanasia is classified into different types such as; voluntary euthanasia (whereby the patient is coherent enough to request for it), involuntary euthanasia (the person is not capable of giving consent, e.g. people in comas) and non-voluntary euthanasia (whereby it is imposed on the patient). It can be further classified into passive euthanasia or active euthanasia (Ladd, 1979, p.8). However, my analysis will be based on voluntary euthanasia which has been characterized by Tooley as a situation whereby a person in his normal reasoning has chosen to end his/her life because living does not pay off in the long run based on available prognosis (Tooley cited in Brock, 1979, p.101). Euthanasia has been through many debates, is ending the life of someone in great physical pain regarded as paying them a favour? One school of thought believes that if the patient actively ends their life because they can no longer bear to go through pain, it may be considered as suicide. On the other side of the coin, is the school of thought that believes that if the persons life is ended by someone else, it can be placed on the same shelf as murder. The question is can virtue ethics be applied to euthanasia? Stewart suggests: If the focus is on the virtues in play, the character of the patient, their families and friends and the doctors involved-and if the desire to have euthanasia stems from a virtuous character then it would be a good thing, a noble act, where active or passive, voluntary or involuntary (2008, p.91) As long as the decision to have euthanasia comes from a virtuous person, then it is the right thing to do, because a virtuous person always does the right thing. Hursthouse says that in tragic dilemmas a decision is right iff it is what a virtuous agent would decide, but the action decided may be too terrible to called right or good. I believe we should live a life of happiness, people living in misery cannot be said to be living in eudemonia, and so in such cases I believe eudemonia is compatible with euthanasia. If not giving euthanasia to a patient is going to make their life more painful and full of misery then it does not tally with Aristotles concept of human flourishing. Brink suggests: a valuable life consist in the possession of certain character traits, the exercise of certain capacities, and the development of certain relations with others and the world (Brink cited in Scarre, 1996, p.6). Living can only be considered flourishing if the patient goes through less pain, and if euthanasia seems to be the only option, then by all means, we should go down that route. It is out of the virtue of compassion that euthanasia is applied, and it is a courageous thing for the patient to do also, virtue ethics would promote a painless, peaceful way to end the patients life to alleviate suffering rather than an exit full of anguish. Virtue ethics is fine with euthanasia as long as it is done virtuously. According to Aristotle: an action is virtuous only if it is the right sort of action performed for the right sort of motive (Brody, 1988, p.35) Stewart states that different virtues are necessary in order to apply euthanasia; the virtue of courage is needed when the patient makes the decision on when to die, also the virtue of pride, and the virtue of wisdom to know when the right time is. As for the medical staff, virtues needed are professionalism, compassion and also wisdom. Family and friends would also need wisdom to advice the patient if they feel he/she is making the wrong decision (2008, p. 92) There is a bit of difficulty in applying virtue ethics to the issue of euthanasia, due to the fact that it does not present what the right time is for a person to be euthanized. It just says that the virtue of wisdom will be applied and this answer does not seem sufficient based on the reason that virtue ethics does not gives rules or directions on how things ought to be done. Aristotles theory emphasizes only one moral appeal which is an appeal to the virtues, and this feature is both its strength and weakness. Its weakness, apart from the question on whether it adequately defined the virtues, is that it fails to take into account the other many moral appeals which must be incorporated into any adequate moral theory (Brody, 1988, p.9) Also, concerning the virtues, there might be some conflict, in the sense that, courage needed for euthanasia is considered a virtue, what if the patient decides to be enduring? Or exercise more patience? Courage and patience are classified as virtueswhat then, does one do? This question is insufficiently answered by virtue ethics as relying upon the virtue of wisdom to prevail. I agree with Hursthouse, who states that: Charity prompts me to kill the person who would (truly) be better off dead, but justice forbids it. So virtue ethics fails to give me any guidance over the rightness or wrongness of euthanasiavirtue ethics lets us down just at the point where we need it the most, where we are faced with the really difficult moral quandaries and do not know what to do (1999, p.43) CONCLUSION In the beginning of this essay, I defined and analysed the concept of virtue ethics, and in the following paragraphs I attempted to distinguish between the three moral theories which are, utilitarianism, virtue ethics and kantianism by enumerating the features. I also tried to apply virtue ethics to two issues in global ethics which are corruption and euthanasia. Virtue ethics can be applied to some problems in global ethics like corruption and euthanasia because virtues are relevant to the moral evaluation of individuals and their actions (Brody, 1988, p.35), however, it wont be without some difficulties. In summary, I believe virtue ethics was compatible with corruption because I discovered that an ethics of virtue can reduce the rate at which corruption is globalising if public officials possess or develop certain virtues however; there seem to be difficulty applying it to euthanasia because of the many criticism of virtue ethics that I stated earlier, the major being that virtue ethics does not provide guidance. It only tells us to develop ones character but it seems to be vague.
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